近30年长武县土地生态环境状况研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 19:33

本文选题：长武县　切入点：土地利用　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄土高原是我国人类文明重要发源地之一。由于其特殊的气候、地形条件和历史上人类长期不合理的开发与利用,导致水土流失严重、生态环境恶化。为治理脆弱的生态环境和发展区域经济,1999年后国家相继实施了退耕还林(草)、西部大发开发等生态和经济工程,引起区域土地利用状况发生较大变化,生态环境变化明显。长武县位于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,在黄土高原中南部地区具有代表性。因此,研究长武县土地利用变化及其影响下的生态服务价值和生态安全状况,有利于明确人类活动对该区域环境的影响、优化相关政策,促进区域经济可持续发展,同时为其他地区生态保护提供参考。本研究在1990-2015时段内,选取1990、2000、2005、2010、2015五个时间节点,基于TM/OLI影像,采用人机交互方式,得到五期土地利用数据。利用土地利用动态度、土地转移矩阵、土地利用程度等指标和景观格局类相关指标,从土地各类型变化趋势、变化速率、转换关系、综合利用度、空间变化趋势等方面分析了长武县近30年来土地利用时空变化规律;结合长武县实际情况,在对生态服务价值当量因子表进行修正的基础上,计算得到长武县生态服务价值,分析了生态服务价值的变化;基于以上研究,结合社会经济数据,选取13个评价指标,构建P-S-R评价模型,对长武县生态安全状况进行评价。研究结果表明:(1)长武县土地利用变化主要受国家政策以及区域经济发展影响,研究时段内耕地、草地面积减少,林地、园地、工矿用地、居民地面积增加,水域、未利用地面积变化相对较小;土地利用程度总体变化不大,土地利用处于调整时期;(2)长武县土地利用的变化使得当地景观形状复杂化、结构多样化、景观格局破碎化程度增加;(3)生态系统服务总价值不断增加,各单项生态服务功能价值除食物生产外均增加,生态环境有所改善;(4)土地生态安全状态由中警变为良好,当前土地利用及生态保护政策有利于土地生态恢复,但考虑到黄土高原生态环境特殊性,应在当前政策基础上不断合理优化,以促进区域可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The Loess Plateau is one of the important birthplaces of human civilization in China. Because of its special climate, topographic conditions and long-term unreasonable exploitation and utilization of human beings in history, the soil and water loss is serious. In order to control the fragile ecological environment and develop the regional economy, since 1999, the state has successively implemented ecological and economic projects such as returning cropland to forests (grass and grass) and the development of Dafa in the west, which has caused great changes in the regional land use situation. The change of ecological environment is obvious. Changwu County is located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau and is representative in the central and southern part of the Loess Plateau. Therefore, the paper studies the ecological service value and ecological security of Changwu County under the influence of land use change. It is beneficial to clarify the impact of human activities on the environment of the region, optimize relevant policies, promote the sustainable development of regional economy, and provide a reference for the ecological protection of other regions. In the period of 1990-2015, this study selects five time nodes, 1990 / 2000/ 2005 / 20102015, Based on the TM/OLI image, the five periods of land use data were obtained by human-computer interaction. The land use dynamic degree, the land transfer matrix, the land use degree and the related indexes of landscape pattern were used to change the trend of each type of land from the point of view of land use dynamic degree, land transfer matrix, land use degree and landscape pattern. This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of land use in Changwu County in the past 30 years from the aspects of change rate, conversion relationship, comprehensive utilization degree and spatial change trend, and combines with the actual situation of Changwu County. On the basis of modifying the equivalent factor table of ecological service value, the ecological service value of Changwu county is calculated, and the change of ecological service value is analyzed. A P-S-R evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the ecological security of Changwu County. The results showed that the changes of land use in Changwu County were mainly influenced by national policies and regional economic development, and the cultivated land, grassland area and woodland were decreased during the period of study. Garden land, industrial and mining land, residential land area increased, water area, unused land area change relatively small; the overall land use degree changes little, The changes of land use in Changwu County make the local landscape shape complex, the structure diversification, the degree of landscape pattern fragmentation increase, and the total value of ecosystem services increase. The value of each individual ecological service function increased except for food production, and the ecological environment was improved. 4) the ecological security of land changed from central police to good. The current policy of land use and ecological protection was beneficial to the restoration of land ecology. However, considering the particularity of the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau, it is necessary to optimize continuously and reasonably on the basis of current policies in order to promote the sustainable development of the region.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;X171

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