规模扩张、要素匹配与合作社演进

发布时间：2018-03-23 11:31

本文选题：规模扩张　切入点：要素匹配　出处：《东岳论丛》2017年01期

【摘要】：本文围绕"为什么有的农民合作社走向了规范的如体现普通成员利益、强调益贫性的发展道路,而有的合作社会主动偏移合作社的本质特征"的问题,以合作社初创形态即元合作社为分析基点,构建了"规模扩张—要素匹配—合作社演进"的研究框架,透过合作社规模扩张的三个驱动力分析了中国合作社的演化路径。研究结论表明:第一,若合作社初始成员即创始成员投资资产专用性较高时,因专用性资产与新增成员要素匹配的需要,这种基于服务规模的扩张能催生出规范的合作社。第二,初始成员为扩大合作社资本规模面向新增成员吸收投资时,这种基于资本扩张的需要亦能催生出规范的合作社。若这两种演化路径前提条件不具备时,合作社易偏移本质特性轨道,这也是国内许多合作社不规范的重要原因。第三,因获取政府补贴的需要,合作社规模的扩张并不一定能促进合作社规范发展。本文研究结论有如下启示:合作社制度选择是市场力量的使然,即使合作社偏离了本质规定性,但在某种情境下这对合作社而言未尝不是一种"最优"的选择,因此对于这种现象我们不能妖魔化。
[Abstract]:This article revolves around the question of "why some peasant cooperatives move towards the standard development path of embodying the interests of ordinary members and emphasizing the nature of poverty, while some cooperatives actively shift the essential characteristics of cooperatives". Based on the original form of cooperative, meta-cooperative, the research frame of "scale expansion-factor matching-cooperative evolution" is constructed. The evolution path of Chinese cooperatives is analyzed through three driving forces of cooperative scale expansion. The results show that: first, if the initial members of cooperatives, that is, founding members, have a higher specificity of investment assets, Due to the need of matching specialized assets with the elements of new members, this expansion based on service scale can give birth to standardized cooperatives. Second, when initial members absorb investment for new members in order to expand the capital scale of cooperatives, The need for capital expansion can also lead to the emergence of standardized cooperatives. If the preconditions for these two evolutionary paths are not available, cooperatives are prone to deviate from the essential characteristic orbit, which is also an important reason for the non-standard nature of many cooperatives in China. Third, Because of the need to obtain government subsidies, the expansion of cooperative scale does not necessarily promote the normative development of cooperatives. The conclusions of this study are as follows: the choice of cooperative system is the result of market forces, even if cooperatives deviate from the essential requirements. But this is not an "optimal" option for cooperatives in some situations, so we cannot demonize this phenomenon.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;国家发展与改革委员会产业经济与技术经济研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“成员异质性、合作社理论创新与农民专业合作社发展政策体系构建”(71273267)
【分类号】：F321.42

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