收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化规律试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:05

本文选题：收获机组　切入点：技术生产率　出处：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业收获机械化是农业现代化的重要技术基础,对提高农业综合生产能力、保障农产品有效供给起着十分重要的作用。农业收获作业是农业生产作业过程中的关键环节,选择适宜的收获机械在收获季节完成收获作业是农业产量取得丰收的重要保障,而收获机组技术生产率是影响收获作业的重要因素,因此提高农业收获机组技术生产率已成为收获作业的重要组成部分。在综合分析收获机组作业时间构成的基础上,建立收获机组作业的各类作业时间项目与地块条件关系的数学模型,建立不同卸粮方式下收获机组技术生产率与地块条件关系的数学模型。选择8种不同功率级的收获机组作为研究对象,采用跟踪试验的方法,测取定距离条件下各种作业机组作业时各类时间消耗。依据收获机组实际作业的试验数据进行分析,明确了联合收获机作业时间项目构成,建立了纯作业、转弯、卸粮、地块转移及调整等时间项目的数学计算模型。根据所建模型和试验数据,利用MATLAB编程计算,得到不同功率级收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化的定量规律:当收获机组的额定功率为50 k W左右,作业幅宽为2-3 m,且粮箱容积为1.4-3 m3时,机组适宜作业的地块面积至少为2 hm2,地块长度至少为200 m;当收获机组的额定功率为80 kW左右,作业幅宽为3-4 m,且粮箱容积为3-4m3时,机组适宜作业的地块面积至少为2.5 hm2,地块长度至少为300 m;当收获机组的额定功率为110 k W左右,作业幅宽为4-4.5 m,且粮箱容积为4-4.5 m3时,机组适宜作业的地块面积至少为3 hm2,地块长度至少为400 m;当收获机组的额定功率为150 k W左右,作业幅宽为4.5-5 m,且粮箱容积为4.5-5 m3时,机组适宜作业的地块面积至少为3.5 hm2,地块长度至少为500 m;当收获机组的额定功率230 k W左右,作业幅宽为7-8 m,且机组粮箱容积为10-12 m3时,机组适宜作业的地块面积至少为4 hm2,地块长度至少为600 m。绘制出不同收获机组技术生产率随地块长度、地块面积的变化规律图,从而得出各个收获机组适用的地块条件。在收获作业时,选择合适的收获机组,可以提高农业机械化技术生产率。同时得到的收获机组技术生产率率随地块条件变化的定量关系,为研究农业机组技术生产率随地块条件改变的变化规律提供了理论依据,也为研究机组作业技术指标随地块条件变化规律提供基本思想和方法。根据得出的规律指导不同收获机械与不同地块条件的匹配,指导农业机器型号选择,从而提高农业机械生产效率,充分发挥农业机械的使用价值,促进我国农业机械化发展。
[Abstract]:Agricultural harvesting mechanization is an important technical basis for agricultural modernization, which plays a very important role in improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products. The selection of suitable harvesting machinery to complete the harvest operation in the harvest season is an important guarantee for the agricultural yield to obtain a good harvest, and the technical productivity of the harvesting unit is an important factor affecting the harvest operation. Therefore, improving the technical productivity of agricultural harvesting units has become an important part of harvesting operations. The mathematical model of the relationship between the time items of various kinds of operations and the land conditions of the harvesting unit is established. A mathematical model of the relationship between the technical productivity of the harvesting unit and the land condition was established under different ways of unloading grain. Eight kinds of harvesting units with different power levels were selected as the research object, and the method of tracking test was adopted. According to the test data of the actual operation of the harvesting unit, the composition of the working time of the combine harvester is determined, and the pure operation, turning and unloading of grain are established. Mathematical calculation model for time items such as land transfer and adjustment. According to the established model and test data, the calculation is programmed by MATLAB. The quantitative rules of the technical productivity of different power level harvesters with plot conditions are obtained: when the rated power of the harvester is about 50 kW, the working width is 2-3 m, and the volume of grain tank is 1.4-3 m3, When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 80kW, the working width is 3-4 m, and the volume of grain tank is 3-4m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 2 hm2 and the length of plot is at least 200m. When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 110 kW, the working width is 4-4.5 m, and the volume of grain tank is 4-4.5 m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 2.5 mm 2, and the length of plot is at least 300 m, and when the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 110 kW, the operating width is 4-4.5 m ~ 3, When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 150kW, the operating width is 4.5-5m, and the volume of grain tank is 4.5-5m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 3 hm2 and the length of plot is at least 400 m. The area of land suitable for operation of the unit is at least 3.5 hm ~ 2 and the length of the plot is at least 500 m. When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 230 kW, the working width is 7-8 m, and the volume of the unit grain tank is 10-12 m ~ 3, The area of the plot suitable for operation of the unit is at least 4 mm ~ 2, and the length of the plot is at least 600 m. The variation laws of the technical productivity of different harvesting units with the length of the plot and the area of the plot are plotted. Thus, the suitable land conditions for each harvesting unit are obtained. In the harvesting operation, the appropriate harvesting unit is selected, At the same time, the quantitative relationship between the technical productivity rate of the harvesting unit and the plot condition is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the variation law of the technical productivity of the agricultural unit with the plot condition. It also provides basic ideas and methods for studying the variation law of unit operation technical indexes with land conditions. According to the obtained rules, it can guide the matching of different harvesting machinery and different plot conditions, and guide the selection of agricultural machinery type. So as to improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery production, give full play to the use value of agricultural machinery, and promote the development of agricultural mechanization in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.3

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