邵武市耕地质量变化调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 17:26

本文选题：耕地质量　切入点：质量变化　出处：《福建农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地是人类社会发展不可或缺的生产资料,随着经济社会的发展,生产建设不断挤占耕地资源,特别是优质耕地资源,直接对粮食安全产生影响,这也要求资源的管理从数量管理向数量和质量并重管理的方向转变。因此,有必要时时掌握耕地的质量及其分布状况,2001年以来,邵武市开展了两轮耕地质量等别评价工作,掌握了两个时点耕地质量状况。但是,要进一步强化耕地质量管理,就必须开展耕地质量变化调查研究,通过耕地质量等别年度动态更新及质量变化分析,掌握现势的、科学量化耕地质量等别及其变化状况,为有效保护耕地,实现耕地占补“数量-质量-生态”平衡,为国土资源管理和改革提供技术支撑。本研究针对2011～2013年邵武市耕地占、毁、调、退、补的情况展开调查,采用因素法对这几年质量突变的耕地进行评价,形成了更为现势性的成果。在此基础上,对耕地质量状况、空间分布、变化原因、耕地质量变化限制因素进行分析,并就此提出提高耕地质量及加强耕地质量管理的对策建议。研究得出以下几方面的结论：1、利用GIS空间分析技术,通过大量外业调查,摸清2011～2013年邵武市占、毁、调、退、补等产生耕地的质量及空间变化情况,并形成更为现势性的耕地质量成果。2、邵武市耕地质量分析结果表明：(1)邵武市耕地总体质量较高,但仍受一些因素限制。耕地以良等地为主,主要集中在6-8等,占耕地总面积89.49%。主要限制因子是“田间道路通达度、排水条件、地形坡度”；(2)有一定的空间分布规律,但不断发生变化。空间分布上,质量较好的耕地主要集中在富屯溪沿岸冲积平原,以及和平、肖家坊山间盆谷地,质量较低的耕地主要集中在西南部丘陵山地区,而且随着海拔高度的上升,耕地质量有下降的趋势。随着占补的变化,耕地质量及空间分布状况也在改变；(3)整体耕地质量变化不大,实现数量质量双平衡。三类指数基本与2010年持平。土地开发整理复垦项目产生的新增耕地平均利用等别7等,略高于建设占用耕地7.3等的水平；(4)耕地质量提高的限制性因素多,仍有提高空间。从耕地质量限制因素分析结果看,耕地开发、整理、复垦等均受多个因素限制,有的因素分值不高,耕地质量仍有一定的提高空间。3、耕地质量存在的主要问题是：(1)缺少5等以上的优质耕地,从限制因素看,邵武市整体耕地质量仍有提高空间；(2)建设占用大量城镇周边的土壤肥力较好,等别较高的耕地,且在开发建设中没有采取表土剥离等措施；(3)通过开发、整理、复垦等建设,虽然增加或是提高了耕地质量,但大多数因素仍没有达到最优,需要通过技术手段提高,尤其是旧村复垦产生的新增耕地土壤肥力一般,质量不高；(4)部分土地开发复垦新增耕地管理不到位,存在抛荒的情况。4、问题对策建议：(1)加大土地整理、高标准基本农田建设力度,提高耕地质量；(2)大力推行耕作层表土剥离搬移,提高旧村复垦新增耕地质量；(3)严格耕地占补平衡管理制度,引导建设少占或不占优质耕地；(4)建立土地整治项目后期管护长效机制,多举措提高农民种田积极性。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a survey on the quality and distribution of cultivated land in Shaowu city in 2011 - 2013 , and then puts forward some suggestions on improving the quality of cultivated land and improving the quality of cultivated land . Terrain slope " ;
( 2 ) There is a certain regularity of spatial distribution , but constantly changing . The cultivated land with better quality is mainly concentrated in the alluvial plain of Futun River , and the cultivated land with lower quality mainly concentrated in the hills and hills of the southwest , and the quality of cultivated land decreased with the elevation of altitude .
( 3 ) The quality of the whole cultivated land is not large , and the double balance of the quantitative quality is realized . The three indexes are basically the same as those of the year 2010 . The average utilization of new cultivated land generated in the land development and rehabilitation project is 7 , etc . , which is slightly higher than that of the construction occupying the cultivated land 7.3 and so on ;
( 4 ) There are more restrictive factors for improving the quality of cultivated land , and there is still room for improvement . According to the analysis result of the quality limitation factor of cultivated land , the cultivated land development , arrangement , reclamation and so on are limited by a plurality of factors .
( 2 ) The construction occupies a large number of urban areas , the soil fertility is good , and the other is not higher than the cultivated land , and no topsoil stripping measures are adopted in the development and construction ;
( 3 ) Through the construction of development , arrangement , reclamation and so on , although the quality of cultivated land is increased or improved , most of the factors still haven ' t reached the optimum , which needs to be improved by means of technical means , especially the soil fertility of newly added cultivated land produced by the old village reclamation is general and the quality is not high ;
( 4 ) Some land development reclamation and new cultivated land management is not in place , there is a situation in which there is a shortage . 4 . The countermeasures of the problem are as follows : ( 1 ) Increase the land consolidation , high standard basic farmland construction and improve the quality of cultivated land ;
( 2 ) vigorously carry out the topsoil stripping and removal of the plough layer , and improve the quality of the newly added cultivated land in the old village ;
( 3 ) Strict cultivated land accounts for the management system of compensation and balance , and guides construction to occupy less or occupy high - quality cultivated land ;
( 4 ) To establish a long - term mechanism for the post - management of the land consolidation project , and to increase the enthusiasm of farmers .

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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