北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响

发布时间：2018-03-31 03:16

本文选题：高速公路　切入点：土地利用　出处：《地球信息科学学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：高速公路的快速发展在推动经济发展的同时,也对区域的生态环境产生重要的影响。在地理信息系统的支持下,本研究以北京市高速公路网10 km缓冲区为研究区域,利用缓冲区分析、空间分析、统计分析等方法探讨了高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响规律。结果表明:(1)北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型主要以建设用地、耕地、林地为主,土地利用变化以耕地向建设用地转入最为显著;(2)空间变化上,各缓冲区内土地利用变化以林地、耕地、建设用地的相互转移为主,随着与高速公路的距离增大,土地利用类型从以耕地、建设用地为主逐渐转变为以林地、耕地为主;(3)2005-2015年,各类景观的景观指数变化差异明显,其中水域的斑块密度与分离度指数变化幅度最大,耕地的形状指数增加最快,建设用地的分离度指数减少最多,这与相应的土地利用变化密切相关;(4)基于土地利用变化,北京市高速公路网对周边景观格局的影响范围约为6 km,其中林地转入建设用地以及建设用地与耕地的相互转移是引起公路周边景观空间变化差异的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of expressway not only promotes the economic development, but also has an important impact on the ecological environment of the region.With the support of GIS, this study takes the 10km buffer zone of Beijing expressway network as the research area, using buffer analysis and spatial analysis.The influence of land use change around expressway on landscape pattern is discussed by means of statistical analysis.The results show that the main types of land use around Beijing Expressway are construction land, cultivated land and woodland, and land use change is the most significant change from cultivated land to construction land.The land use change in each buffer zone is dominated by the mutual transfer of woodland, cultivated land and construction land. With the increase of the distance from highway to highway, the type of land use has gradually changed from cultivated land and construction land to woodland, which is mainly cultivated land from 2005 to 2015.The landscape index of all kinds of landscape has obvious difference, in which the patch density and separation index of water area is the largest, the shape index of cultivated land increases fastest, and the separation index of construction land decreases the most.This is closely related to the corresponding land use change (LUCF).The influence of Beijing expressway network on the landscape pattern is about 6 km, among which the conversion of woodland to construction land and the mutual transfer of construction land and cultivated land are the main reasons for the spatial variation of landscape around the highway.
【作者单位】：长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;
【基金】：资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室自主创新项目(088RA90BYA)
【分类号】：F301.2;P901

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