河北省井灌区农业节水管理机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 04:16

本文选题：农业节水　切入点：管理机制　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济的日益发展和人口数量的不断增加,各国对水资源的需求加大,供需矛盾日益加剧。水资源已成为世界多国经济快速发展的“瓶颈”因素。农业作为用水大户,对水资源的消费使用超过90%,用水严重缺乏。同时农用水供应不足以及浪费现象的并存也使得我们越来越多的反思农业用水的管理。河北省为农业大省,同时也是严重的资源型缺水省份。长期以来,水资源供需矛盾加剧、水源污染严重、地下水过度超采,形成严重的地下漏斗区。水资源问题已经是制约河北省农业发展的重大瓶颈。本文运用实地访谈方法,从河北省水资源开发、供应及利用情况来了解农业在各行业用水中的情况,进而发现农业用水存在的主要问题。针对河北省从60年代至今的农业节水灌溉发展历程、节水过程中各地区间技术采用以及节水管理机制来了解省内井灌区农业节水整体发展情况。而对于与其配套的节水管理机制则从水权确定、主体、分配、转让与交易等进行水权机制分析;衡水、张北、成安县采用的水价来归纳总结井灌区水价定价机制;以用水者协会为主要合作组织来进行公众参与节水研究。同时以目前节水取得较高成效的张北县馒头营乡为案例,依托其自身地域特色及农田灌溉情况,分析蔬菜生产工程的开展情况及在此过程中蔬菜用水所运行的灌溉管理制度所涵盖的内容(水价、协会、基金等),并研究采用此灌溉管理制度下蔬菜生产所取得的经济、社会、生态等成效,来剖析其农业节水管理机制创新之处,总结机制运行经验及启示。最后选取不同运行机制地区运用利润最大化模型进行农业节水效率的实证对比分析,主要从水权、水价及节水效果三方面展开。通过饶阳县公共水权下的水资源无偿使用与张北县水权四级分配的水资源超额累价使用进行对比,分析研究何种管理机制利于节水高效开展。通过以上分析,本研究得出了井灌区农业节水管理机制的基本结论,并提出了相应的对策建议。主要结论如下:(1)农业节水的推进需政府建立水权明晰、水价创新、农户自主参与的节水管理机制;(2)初始水权明晰基础上逐级分配的水权制度更利于农业节水;(3)合理农业水价可以调节各方利益;(4)农业节水管理机制需在政府为主导的基础上推进农户参与管理。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy and the increase of the population, the demand for water resources and the contradiction between supply and demand are increasing. Water resources have become the "bottleneck" factor of the rapid economic development of many countries in the world. The consumption and use of water resources exceeds 90, and there is a serious shortage of water. At the same time, the shortage of agricultural water supply and the coexistence of waste phenomena also make us reflect more and more on the management of agricultural water use. Hebei Province is a big agricultural province. At the same time, it is also a serious resource-type water shortage province. For a long time, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has intensified, the water source pollution is serious, and the groundwater is over-exploited. A serious underground funnel area is formed. The water resource problem has been a major bottleneck restricting the development of agriculture in Hebei Province. This paper uses the method of field interview to develop water resources in Hebei Province. Supply and utilization to understand the situation of agricultural water use in various industries, and then to find out the main problems of agricultural water use. In view of the development process of agricultural water-saving irrigation in Hebei Province from the 1960s to the present, In the process of water saving, different regions adopt techniques and water saving management mechanisms to understand the overall development of agricultural water saving in well irrigation areas in the province. However, for the water saving management mechanism matched with it, the water right is determined, the main body, and the distribution, The water price of Hengshui, Zhangbei and Cheng'an is summarized to sum up the pricing mechanism of water price in well irrigation district. Taking the water-user association as the main cooperative organization to carry out the research on public participation in water-saving. At the same time, taking the case of steamed bread town in Zhangbei County, which has achieved higher results in water saving, relying on its own regional characteristics and irrigation situation of farmland, To analyze the development of vegetable production project and the contents (water price, association, fund, etc.) covered by the irrigation management system (water price, association, fund, etc.) and to study the economic and social benefits of vegetable production under this irrigation management system. This paper analyzes the innovation of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, summarizes the experience and enlightenment of agricultural water-saving management mechanism, and finally selects the profit maximization model to analyze the efficiency of agricultural water-saving in different operating mechanism areas. Mainly from three aspects: water right, water price and water saving effect. Through the comparison between the free use of water resources under public water rights in Raoyang County and the excess cumulative price use of water resources allocated by four levels of water rights in Zhangbei County, Through the above analysis, the basic conclusion of agricultural water-saving management mechanism in well irrigation district is obtained. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the promotion of agricultural water saving needs the government to establish clear water rights, water price innovation, The Water right system on the basis of the clarity of the initial Water Rights is more advantageous to the Agricultural Water Saving system (3) the reasonable agricultural water price can adjust the interests of all parties. 4) the agricultural water-saving management mechanism should be led by the government. On the basis of promoting farmers to participate in management.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.213

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