民国时期吴觉农茶业改良思想的研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 17:42

本文选题：吴觉农　切入点：茶业改良　出处：《苏州科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：吴觉农所从事的茶农生计改进是近代中国乡村改进事业的一部分。从思想来源上看,茶农生计的改进事业与吴觉农的地方生活经历、世界眼光和民族精神息息相关。吴觉农清楚地意识到,20世纪以降由于中国的固步自封和西方殖民者的现代技术应用,华茶在世界茶业市场上节节败落。华茶失败在生产、制作、贩卖等环节对茶农生计产生了非常不利的影响。为了挽救茶农生计,吴觉农从技术、生产组织和政治制度等各个方面提出了茶业改良的基本思路,其中最为重要的是茶业合作事业和茶业统制。在吴觉农看来,合作事业关乎乡民生活的改进,是近代西方各国改革生产关系的有益做法,同时也有利于地方自治和茶业科学化。由于整体政治和社会环境的恶劣,吴觉农所倡导的在信用、生产和销售等方面的合作事业所取得的成效非常有限,即使如此,合作事业还是在一定程度上改进了茶农生计。吴觉农认为,要减少中间商人的层层剥削和垄断,政府对茶农的保护和扶助非常重要,因此必须使用国家的力量实施茶业统制。茶业统制应该在考察国外茶叶生产技术的基础上,加强内外贸易的管理,限制茶叶生产的数量和种类,设立茶叶分级标准。茶业统制的步骤首先是减除运销的损失,然后再设法为茶农谋利益,最后达到整个茶业复兴的计划。在帝国主义和封建垄断势力的控制下,茶业统制遇到了重重困难,但在抗战前期对茶农生计的改进提供了一些帮助。民国时期吴觉农所进行的茶农生计的改进事业,就民生问题的现实性而言是合理而必要的,不但与政治革命毫不冲突,而且“互为促进和声援”,事实上,从1920年代以来许多知识精英孜孜而求的乡村改进事业都体现了这样的关系。
[Abstract]:Wu Juenong engaged in the improvement of the livelihood of tea farmers is a part of the rural improvement in modern China.From the source of thought, the improvement of tea farmers' livelihood is closely related to Wu Juenong's local life experience, world vision and national spirit.Wu Juenong was well aware of the decline of Chinese tea in the world tea market in the 20th century due to China's inflexibility and the application of modern technology by western colonists.Chinese tea failure in production, production, trafficking and other links have a very negative impact on the livelihood of tea farmers.In order to save the livelihood of tea farmers, Wu Juenong put forward the basic ideas of tea industry improvement from the aspects of technology, production organization and political system, among which the most important is the cooperative cause of tea industry and the control of tea industry.In Wu Juenong's view, the cooperative cause is related to the improvement of the rural people's life, is a beneficial practice of reforming the relations of production in modern western countries, and is also beneficial to the local autonomy and the scientization of the tea industry.Because of the bad political and social environment, the cooperative cause advocated by Wu Juenong in credit, production and sales has limited results. Even so, the cooperative enterprise has improved the livelihood of tea farmers to a certain extent.Wu Juenong believes that to reduce the level of exploitation and monopoly of middle merchants, it is very important for the government to protect and assist tea farmers, so it is necessary to use the power of the state to implement the tea industry control.The control of tea industry should strengthen the management of domestic and foreign trade, limit the quantity and type of tea production, and set up the grading standard of tea on the basis of investigating foreign tea production technology.The first step of tea industry control is to reduce the loss of sales, then try to benefit the tea farmers, and finally achieve the whole tea industry revival plan.Under the control of imperialism and feudal monopoly forces, the tea industry encountered many difficulties, but it provided some help for the improvement of tea farmers' livelihood in the early stage of the War of Resistance against Japan.The cause of improving the livelihood of tea farmers carried out by Wu Juenong during the Republic of China was reasonable and necessary in terms of the reality of the livelihood of the people. Not only was there no conflict with the political revolution, but also "mutual promotion and solidarity". In fact,Since the 1920s, many intellectual elites have been striving for rural improvement.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F329;K258

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