基于加权Voronoi图的农村居民点布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:29

本文选题：农村居民点 + 加权Voronoi空间扩展断裂点模型　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村居民点是农业生产和农村生活的主要载体,农村居民点布局优化研究是新农村建设及人地关系研究的重点。在大榆树镇的农村地区,农村居民点长期缺乏系统的规划引导及监管,同时受农民自发选址的传统观念和建造房屋成本等因素的影响,出现农村房屋容积率小于1、新建不拆旧,建新住宅占用耕地等一系列问题。科学技术手段引入农业生产中,农业机械化水平大幅度提高,节省大量的农村劳动力成本。随着城镇化快速发展,农村劳动力发生转移,造成农村人均居住用地不断增加,村庄空心率上升的现象。作为人类活动的聚集地,农村居民点的合理布局能够促进农村经济的进一步发展和人口稳定,同时有效保护耕地,对农村土地资源的利用及可持续发展具有重要的实际意义。三江平原地区是我国重要的粮食生产基地,农业生产发达、农村经济发展迅速,农业生产生活中的用地矛盾及农村居民点布局问题越来越明显。通过上述研究基础,对三江平原地区农村居民点进行空间布局的优化研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以三江平原腹地—富锦市大榆树镇为研究区,选取其68个农村居民点图斑作为研究对象,在GIS的技术支持下,采用多种定量研究方法,分析大榆树镇农村居民点的空间分布特征和分布模式,划分农村居民点的布局类型,探求待撤并的农村居民点的迁并范围与方向,最后拟定大榆树镇农村居民点布局优化方案。主要研究结论如下:(1)利用空间统计和加权Voronoi图方法,从农村居民点现状和分布特征分析,确定农村居民点的卫星式、块状式和自由式三种分布模式。大榆树镇的人均建设用地超标,土地利用方式较粗放。另外,建制镇、地表水源和交通道路综合影响农村居民点的空间分布。(2)从农村居民点发展基础、生活条件、生产条件和生态条件四方面选取22指标构建评价指标体系,进行大榆树镇农村居民点结节性指数的评价并划分四个等级。(3)根据居民点结节性指数分级结果,运用GIS的空间分析和空间统计方法,划分为中心村,基层村,迁并村和零星村4种居民点布局类型,对应的居民点分别有13、20、22和13个。从整治居民点空心化和新农村发展角度出发,结合大榆树镇农村居民点空间分布现状,将农村居民点的调整模式划分为优化发展型、控制发展型、迁移整理型、重点整治型4种类型。(4)利用Arc Objects二次编程划定13个优先发展居民点的空间影响势力范围,同时利用空间点格局分析和两步移动搜索法,其中以空间点格局分析的方法得出的2500 m为迁移半径;利用两步移动搜索法,计算各保留村的空间可达性,确定迁并村的迁并范围和方向,同时结合零星居民点的迁移方向,最终确定大榆树镇农村居民点布局优化方案。调整后,居民点数量由原来的68个逐渐演变为31个,居民点总面积减少到860 hm~2,居民点密度降低到8.09个/km2,平均居民点面积增加到25.30 hm~2。
[Abstract]:Rural residential is the main carrier of agricultural production and rural life, rural residential layout optimization research is focused on the construction of new countryside and the relationship between people and land. In the big elm town in rural areas, lack of system planning guidance and supervision of rural residents, and by farmers affect the location and the traditional concept of housing construction cost other factors, rural housing volume rate of less than 1, no new demolition of the old, a series of problems to build a new house. The occupation of cultivated land science and technology into agricultural production, agricultural mechanization level has greatly improved, saving cost a large number of rural labor force. With the rapid development of urbanization, transfer of rural labor force, resulting in rural per capita residential land is increasing, the rate of rise of the hollow village. As a gathering place of human activity, the rational distribution of rural settlements can promote the rural economy further The development of population and stability, and effectively protect the cultivated land, it has important practical significance for the utilization of rural land resources and sustainable development. Sanjiang plain area is an important grain production base in China, developed agriculture, rural economy has developed rapidly, with the layout problem of rural residents contradictions and agricultural production in life is more and more obvious. Based on the above research, it has important theoretical and practical significance for optimization of spatial layout of rural residential area of Sanjiang plain. The big elm town Sanjiang plain hinterland - Fujin city as the study area, the 68 rural residential spots as the research object, with the support of GIS technology, using a variety of quantitative research methods, analysis of the distribution characteristics and distribution pattern of rural residents of Dayushu town in the space, layout type division of rural residents, to explore the measure of the rural settlements The move and the scope and direction of finalizing the Dayushu town rural residential layout optimization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) using spatial statistics and weighted Voronoi diagram method, from the analysis of the status quo of rural residents and distribution characteristics, determine the satellite type rural residential block, and the free style of three kinds of distribution patterns. The per capita construction of Dayushu town land exceed the standard land use extensive,. In addition, towns, comprehensive effect of surface water and the road of rural residential spatial distribution. (2) from the development of rural residents, living conditions, production conditions and ecological conditions in four were selected to construct the evaluation index system of 22 evaluation index. The big elm town rural residential nodular index and divided into four grades. (3) according to the classification results of residential nodular index, using spatial analysis and GIS statistical method, divided into the center of the village, at the grassroots level Village, village and village relocation and scattered 4 residential layout types, the corresponding settlements are 13,20,22 and 13. Starting from the renovation of residential hollow and the new rural development perspective, combining with the current distribution space of rural residents of Dayushu Town, divides the adjustment mode of rural residential development to optimize the control type. Development type, transfer order type, focusing on remediation of 4 types. (4) using Arc Objects two programming delineated 13 priority residential space influence range, and the use of spatial point pattern analysis and two step search method, the method based on spatial point pattern analysis of the 2500 m migration radius the two step; mobile search method, spatial accessibility calculation of the retention of the village, and the village moved and moved to determine the scope and direction, combined with the migration direction of sporadic settlements, and ultimately determine the Dayushu town rural residential layout optimization scheme. After adjustment, the number of residents gradually changed from 68 to 31. The total area of residential area decreased to 860 hm~2, and the density of residential area decreased to 8.09 /km2, and the average residential area increased to 25.30 hm~2..

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

【参考文献】