榆树市农业机械化发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 14:59

本文选题：农业机械化 + 农民收入　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着科学技术在农业领域广泛应用,随着工业化、信息化迅猛发展,农业机械化已经成为现代农业的物质标志受各级政府的高度重视,它不仅是农业现代化的重要内容,农业生产技术革新不可或缺的一部分,更体现了现代生产力与“三农”领域的深度融合。当前,在习近平总书记为核心的党中央英明领导下,我国正步入“四个全面”新的历史阶段,作为传统的农业大国,农业机械化必将迎来新的发展机遇期。本论文以吉林省榆树市的农业机械建设作为研究目标,通过对其发展现状和亟待解决的现实问题深刻剖析,溯本求源,积极为榆树市农机化全面建设和健康发展建言献策。本论文依据吉林省榆树市农机系统采集的第一手综合资料,从榆树市农业机械化需求、供给、管理、服务及国家的农业机械化方针、政策等方面入手,针对当前农业机械化发展中存在的问题,剖析典型事例得出如下结论:第一,农民作为农业机械化发展的主体,对农业机械化的关注度直接关系到对农业机械化的投入强度,在现有农村收入水平情况下,农民对农业机械的关注度较高,但对农业机械特别是大型农业机械购买力尚显不足,农业机械化水平亟待提高。第二,与大规模高强度农业机械作业能力相适应的大规模集约型土地经营,目前在榆树市只占少数,而小散户为主要特征的分散土地经营模式则是普遍存在的常态现象,限制了农业机械化普及推广,束缚了现代农业生产力的可持续发展。第三,在全面深化改革的形势下,立足现今土地制度下,采取正确的方针政策和有效的措施办法,破解大中型农业机械作业因为小块分散土地作业导致成本高、收益低,而小型农业机械设备又供给不足,并由此构成小规模分散经营阻碍农业机械化发展,农业生产力长期处于低水平循环的这一重大难题,已经成为眼下各级政府和新农村建设面临的当务之急。面对榆树市农机化发展中存在的问题,通过分析研究得出的解决方案:1、升级机械装备、优化结构、区域合理布局;2、依法加大财政投入力度,积极扶持新型农业经营主体;3、实施项目牵动战略,加强农业机械化示范基地建设;4、尽快制定农业种植制度标准,保证农机和农艺技术的协调性;5、加强农机服务体系建设,积极推进农机服务产业化;6、按照研究系统工程的方法,研究促进农业机械化发展的具体措施;7、依托科技兴农战略,紧紧围绕无公害生产和循环农业试验示范等技术革新,拓宽农业机械化领域;8、实施人才支(撑)农战略,搞好农村科技人才培训工程,提高广大农民群众整体科技素质。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the wide application of science and technology in the field of agriculture, with the rapid development of industrialization and information technology, agricultural mechanization has become the material symbol of modern agriculture, which has been highly valued by governments at all levels.It is not only an important part of agricultural modernization, but also an indispensable part of the technological innovation of agricultural production. It also reflects the deep integration of modern productive forces and the field of agriculture, countryside and farmers.At present, under the wise leadership of the Party Central Committee with General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core, China is stepping into a new historical stage of "four all-round". As a traditional agricultural country, agricultural mechanization will surely usher in a new period of development opportunities.This paper takes the construction of agricultural machinery in Yushu City of Jilin Province as the research goal, through the deep analysis of its development status and the practical problems to be solved urgently, tracing back to the source, and actively providing suggestions for the overall construction and healthy development of agricultural mechanization in Yushu City.Based on the first-hand comprehensive data collected from agricultural machinery system in Yushu City, Jilin Province, this paper starts with agricultural mechanization demand, supply, management, service and national agricultural mechanization policy and policy in Yushu City, Jilin Province.In view of the problems existing in the current development of agricultural mechanization, this paper analyzes the typical examples and draws the following conclusions: first, as the main body of the development of agricultural mechanization, the attention to agricultural mechanization is directly related to the input intensity of agricultural mechanization.In the current situation of rural income level, farmers pay more attention to agricultural machinery, but the purchasing power of agricultural machinery, especially large agricultural machinery, is still insufficient, and the level of agricultural mechanization needs to be improved urgently.Second, the large-scale intensive land management, which is suitable for the large-scale and high-intensity agricultural machinery operation ability, is only a minority in Yushu City at present, and the decentralized land management mode characterized by small retail investors is a common phenomenon.It limits the popularization of agricultural mechanization and restricts the sustainable development of modern agricultural productivity.Third, under the situation of comprehensively deepening reform, under the present land system, we should adopt correct principles, policies and effective measures to crack down on the large and medium-sized agricultural machinery operations, which have resulted in high costs and low returns due to small and scattered land operations.However, the supply of small agricultural machinery and equipment is insufficient, which constitutes a major problem that small-scale decentralized management hinders the development of agricultural mechanization and that agricultural productivity is in a low level for a long time.Has become at present all levels of government and the new countryside construction faces the urgent matter.In the face of the problems existing in the development of agricultural mechanization in Yushu City, the solution reached through analysis and research is: 1, upgrading machinery and equipment, optimizing structure, rational regional layout, and increasing financial input according to law.We should actively support the new agricultural management body, implement the project affecting strategy, strengthen the construction of a demonstration base for agricultural mechanization, formulate standards for the agricultural planting system as soon as possible, ensure the coordination between agricultural machinery and agronomic technology, and strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery service system.To actively promote the industrialization of agricultural machinery services and to study specific measures to promote the development of agricultural mechanization according to the research methods of system engineering, relying on the strategy of developing agriculture through science and technology, and closely focusing on technological innovations such as pollution-free production and demonstration of circular agriculture, etc.We should broaden the field of agricultural mechanization, carry out the strategy of supporting agriculture with talents, do a good job in the project of training scientific and technological talents in rural areas, and improve the overall scientific and technological quality of the broad masses of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

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