农地流转对农业资源整合效应的评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 20:38

本文选题：农地流转 + 资源整合　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2015年中央1号文件指出“我国农业资源短缺,开发过度、污染加重,如何在资源环境硬约束下保障农产品有效供给和质量安全、提升农业可持续发展能力,是必须应对的一个重大挑战”。事实上,当前我国农村存在土地经营分散、青壮年劳动力短缺、农村资本注入缺乏、农业生产基础设施滞后等问题,这已造成支撑农村经济社会发展的众多资源要素流动和配置呈现结构性扭曲。疏通农村各类资源要素流动的路径,实现农村资源价值的整合、显化和提升已成为推动农村改革发展的关键。农地流转能够打破传统的农业资源组织结构,有效促进农业农村资源要素的合理流动与优化重组,实现资源有效整合和优化配置,从而显化和提升资源本身具有的价值,对解决农地细碎、农民增收、农业发展及土地低效利用和粗放经营等问题具有重要意义,符合我国农业现代化、新农村建设和城乡统筹的发展要求。目前,农地流转研究比较关注的是农地流转的机制、模式、产权、驱动与限制因素、绩效、资源配置等方面,而对农地流转带动下农业农村资源整合问题的认识和评价研究却不多见。因此,开展农地流转对主要农业资源整合效应的研究,寻求各类资源要素顺畅流动的路径具有重要意义。为厘清农地流转对农业资源要素的整合过程,客观评价农地流转带动下农业主要生产资源的整合效应,本文在农地流转对农业资源的整合过程分析的基础上,选取成渝城乡统筹区农地流转较为普遍的四川广汉市作为研究区,对农地流转特征较典型、且具有代表性的连山镇、和兴镇、兴隆镇、松林镇、西外乡5个乡镇的16个村进行了抽样调查,获得了586份有效问卷。以农地流转及资源整合理论为依据,通过问卷调查结果归纳总结,本文提取出114份可用于本文研究的样本,并将研究区的农地流转尝试性地划分为传统小农型、市场驱动型、多元合作型三类农地流转模式,并具体分析三类农地流转模式对农业资源整合过程的特点及其差异性。借助Matlab软件,采用自适应神经模糊网络系统(ANFIS)构建了递阶ANFIS的农地流转对资源整合的效应评价模型,用以评价研究三类农地流转模式对其资源整合的效应。主要研究结论如下：(1)不同农地流转模式对资源整合的过程具有明显差异①传统小农型流转模式在资源整合各过程均不占优。传统小农型流转模式的经营主体受小农意识、资金等因素所限,缺乏目标定位、资源识别意识,主要依靠购买方式获取农资、机械等；资源配置方式依照传统耕作方式,较为简单、落后,对资源的利用也较为粗放。但由于其主要接触的资源为土地资源,且因研究区地势平坦、道路通达,传统小农型流转模式机械化程度、垦殖系数较高,对土地资源的整合效果较好。②市场驱动型流转模式对资源整合的过程比较细致、深入。市场驱动型流转模式的经营主体以市场为导向,产业目标较为明确,能够认识到自身所具备的技术、经验,同时认识到技术、管理、信息的重要性；不仅能够倚靠资金通过购买方式获取较多的劳力、专业技术人员、农资等,还能够利用自身的资源禀赋优势对雇用劳力进行简单的培训；资源配置上以市场价格与需求为导向,主要增加与绑定资本、劳力、土地资源三大资源,资源利用较为集约,最终利用的效果也主要集中于资本、劳力、土地资源上。③多元合作型流转模式对资源整合的过程更加全面、更为科学、更具优势。多元合作型流转模式的经营主体不仅以市场为导向,而且考虑到政策因素所引导的优势产业、提供的扶持项目,目标定位既明确又全面；同时,对资源的识别意识、能力强,进一步认识到政策、服务等资源对生产经营的重要；采用内部培育与外部资源相结合的获取方式,对内有管理人员培育、技术传授与系统的技术培训,对外购买与合作方式结合获取生产资料、政策扶持、社会机构服务等资源；以市场价格与政策为引导,资源重要程度区分清楚,生产经营过程中对各类型资源增加、绑定、配置科学合理,最终高效集约的资源利用真正体现了各类型资源的深化整合。(2)不同农地流转模式对资源整合的效应显著不同本文从自然资源、社会经济资源两大类资源及其包含的土地资源、水资源、劳力资源、经济资源、管理资源、服务资源、政策资源、信息资源与技术资源的角度,选取农业机械化率、单位耕地占用资金、垦殖系数、有效灌溉率、用水获取难度、雇用劳动力数、技术及受培训人员比重、管理综合特征指数、经营规模、投入产出率、劳动生产率、土地产出率、社会机构服务水平、基建投入比重、流转规范程度、农产品商品化率、农业技术投入比重17个指标构建农地流转对资源整合的效应评价体系,评价研究了三类流转模式对资源整合效应,并对评价结果进行比较分析,结果显示为多元合作型流转模式市场驱动型流转模式传统小农型流转模式,具体的表现为：①在农地流转对自然资源的整合效应方面,传统小农型流转模式(81.3713)优于市场驱动型流转模式(76.5537)、多元合作型流转模式(75.1782),但三者相差并不大。由于研究区地势平坦、道路通达、水量丰富,传统小农型流转模式具有高农业机械化率、高垦殖系数以及较便捷的取水用水,在对自然资源的整合效应最好；但市场驱动型流转模式、多元合作型流转模式单位耕地面积投入量比传统小农型流转模式大,在水利设施上也具有一定优势,有效灌溉率较大,取水用水成本较低。传统小农型流转模式主要靠天吃饭,难以解决干旱时期的用水难等问题。②在农地流转对社会经济资源的整合效应方面,多元合作型流转模式(80.3124)优于市场驱动型流转模式(63.4721)、传统小农型流转模式(13.1722),三者区别较为显著。多元合作型流转模式具有资金雄厚、劳动密集、经营规模大、技术及受培训人员多、管理方式优、产出收益多、流转规范程度高、政府投入多、技术引进新等多类型资源优势,社会经济资源的综合整合效应最高；市场驱动型流转模式缺乏全面的资源认识、丰富的获取方式以及科学的配置方式,对社会经济资源的整合中规中矩,而传统小农型流转模式严重缺乏市场竞争力、和资源整合意识,资金投入、劳动力、技术人员少,可获取社会机构服务少、不全面,缺乏资金修缮设施,流转不规范,商品化率低等,对社会经济资源的整合效应与前两种模式相差甚大。(3)不同流转模式存在不同的适用性传统小农型流转模式资源认识、整合意识落后,整合效应差,发展空间受限,但其对耕地保护、粮食供应具有重要作用,而且传统小农型流转模式也具有操作便易,手续简单,所需资金、劳力等资源少,可维系农民与农村“血缘”关系,稳定农村环境的优势,可以在不宜流转或流转难度大的地区有限推广。市场驱动型流转模式在资源整合过程及效应方面始终介于传统小农型流转模式与多元合作型流转模式之间,该模式对投资额、管理、技术等资源的允许空间较大,经营者进驻条件不高；同时,对地区的自然、社会经济、农地流转条件要求也不高,多数地区可根据当地自然条件、产业发展、资源禀赋、农地流转方式等因素推广市场驱动型流转模式。多元合作型流转模式资源整合意识强,资源获取手段丰富,资源配置与利用合理、集约,资源整合效应高,有利于农村社会经济的快速发展；但多元合作型流转模式受利益驱动,规模种植粮食作物的经营者不多,也存在一定程度的农地非农化现象,不利于粮食保护,而且多元合作型流转模式因其投资额巨大、经营管理繁杂、合作协约难度高、政策扶持难获取等因素对意愿加入的经营者各方面条件提出了很高的要求,适宜在具有优势特色产业、社会经济发展水平高、基础设施建设条件好、流转难度小等特点的地区发展。
[Abstract]:In 2015, the central 1 document pointed out that "shortage of agricultural resources, excessive development, aggravation of pollution, how to guarantee the effective supply and quality safety of agricultural products under the hard constraint of resources and environment, and improve the ability of agricultural sustainable development, is a major challenge". In fact, there is a scattered land management in our country. The shortage of power, the lack of rural capital injection and the lagging of agricultural production infrastructure have led to the structural distortion of the flow and allocation of many resource elements that support the economic and social development of the rural areas, the path of dredging the flow of all kinds of resources in rural areas, the integration of the value of rural resources, the display and promotion of rural reform, and the promotion of rural reform. The agricultural land circulation can break the traditional agricultural resources organization structure, effectively promote the rational flow and optimization of agricultural resources elements, realize the effective integration of resources and optimize the allocation of resources, so as to display and improve the value of resources itself, to solve the fine agricultural land, the increase of farmers' income, agricultural development and low efficiency of land. The problem of use and extensive management is of great significance, which conforms to the modernization of agriculture, the construction of new rural areas and the development requirements of urban and rural overall planning. At present, the research of agricultural land transfer is more concerned about the mechanism, mode, property rights, driving and restriction factors, performance and resource allocation of farmland transfer, and the whole agricultural and rural resources are driven by the agricultural land circulation. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the integration effect of agricultural land transfer to the integration effect of the main agricultural resources and seek the path of smooth flow of all kinds of resources. On the basis of the integration process of agricultural land transfer to agricultural resources, this paper selects Guanghan City, Sichuan, which is more common in Chengdu urban and rural areas as a research area, which is more typical and representative of Lianshan Town, and 16 villages of 5 villages and towns in Xinglong Town, Xinglong Town, pines town and western rural township. 586 valid questionnaires were obtained. Based on the theory of land transfer and resource integration, 114 samples were extracted from the results of the questionnaire survey, and the agricultural land transfer in the study area was divided into three types of farmland transfer mode, namely, traditional small farm type, city field driven type and multiple cooperative type. The characteristics and differences of the three types of agricultural land transfer mode to the integration process of agricultural resources are analyzed. With the help of Matlab software, an adaptive neural fuzzy network system (ANFIS) is used to construct a hierarchical ANFIS effect evaluation model of land transfer to resources integration, which is used to evaluate the effect of the three types of land transfer mode on its resource integration. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are obvious differences in the process of resource integration between different agricultural land transfer modes (1) the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode is not dominant in the process of resource integration. The management subject of the traditional small-scale peasant type circulation mode is limited by small farmers consciousness, funds and other factors, lack of target orientation, resources recognition consciousness, mainly relying on the purchaser. In accordance with traditional farming methods, the resource allocation method is relatively simple and backward, and the utilization of resources is more extensive. However, due to its main resources are land resources, and because the research area is flat, the road is accessible, the traditional small-scale farming model mechanization degree, the higher reclamation coefficient, the whole land resources. The market driven transfer mode is more detailed and in-depth. The market driven model is market-oriented, and the industrial target is more clear. It can recognize the technology, experience, and realize the importance of technology, management and information, and not only rely on funds. Through the purchase of more labor, professional and technical personnel, agricultural capital and so on, can also use their own resource endowment advantages to hire labor for simple training; resource allocation in the market price and demand oriented, mainly to increase the three resources of capital, labor, land resources, resources use more intensive, the final use of resources. The effect is mainly concentrated on capital, labor and land resources. (3) the multi cooperative transfer model is more comprehensive, more scientific and more advantageous. The multi cooperative transfer model is not only guided by the market, but also takes into account the advantageous industries guided by the policy factors, and the support items are provided. The position is clear and comprehensive; at the same time, the awareness of resources is recognized and the ability is strong. The importance of policies and services to production and management is further recognized; the acquisition mode of internal cultivation and external resources is adopted to cultivate the internal management personnel, technology imparting and systematic technical training, and the combination of foreign purchase and cooperation to obtain students. Production data, policy support, social organization services and other resources; guided by the market price and policy, the importance of resources is distinguished clearly, the resources of various types in the process of production and management are increased, binding, scientific and rational, and the final efficient and intensive utilization of resources truly embodies the deepening integration of various types of resources. (2) the transfer mode of different farmland The effect of resource integration is significantly different from the natural resources, social and economic resources and the two categories of resources, land resources, water resources, labor resources, economic resources, management resources, service resources, policy resources, information resources and technical resources, selecting agricultural mechanization rate, unit cultivated land occupation funds, reclamation coefficient, effective. Irrigation rate, water access difficulty, employment labor number, technology and the proportion of trained personnel, management comprehensive characteristic index, operation scale, input-output rate, labor productivity, land output rate, social organization service level, capital construction investment proportion, circulation standard degree, agricultural product commercialization rate, agricultural technology input proportion 17 indicators to build agricultural land. The effect evaluation system of transfer to resource integration, evaluation and study of the three types of circulation pattern on the effect of resources integration, and the evaluation results are compared and analyzed, the results show that the multi cooperative transfer mode market driven transfer mode traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode, the concrete performance is: (1) the integration effect of agricultural land transfer to natural resources. On the other hand, the traditional small farming model (81.3713) is superior to the market driven transfer mode (76.5537) and multiple cooperative transfer mode (75.1782), but the difference between the three is not large. Because the area is flat, the road is accessible and the water is abundant, the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer model has high agricultural mechanization rate, high cultivation coefficient and convenient water intake. Water use in the integration of natural resources is the best, but the market driven circulation mode, multi cooperative transfer mode unit land area investment is larger than the traditional small farming model, in the water conservancy facilities also have a certain advantage, the effective irrigation rate is larger, water intake is lower. The traditional small agricultural circulation model mainly depends on the day to eat. It is difficult to solve the problem of water difficulty in the period of drought. Secondly, in the integration effect of agricultural land circulation to social and economic resources, the multi cooperative transfer model (80.3124) is superior to the market driven model (63.4721), the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode (13.1722), the three are more distinct. The multi cooperative transfer model has a rich capital, Labor intensive, large scale of operation, high technical and trained personnel, high management mode, high output income, high standard of circulation, more government input, new technology introduction and other types of resources advantages, the comprehensive integration effect of social and economic resources is the highest. The mode of scientific allocation, the integration of social and economic resources, and the traditional small agricultural transfer mode seriously lack of market competitiveness, and the awareness of resources integration, capital input, labor, technical personnel, less social institutions, lack of comprehensive, lack of funds repair facilities, circulation is not standard, low commercialization rate and so on, to the society The integration effect of economic resources is very different from the previous two models. (3) different circulation patterns have different applicability of traditional small agricultural transfer mode resources understanding, integration consciousness backward, poor integration effect and limited development space, but it has an important role in cultivated land protection and grain supply, and the traditional small-scale peasant type circulation mode also has operation. Easy, simple formalities, less capital and less labor resources, can maintain the relationship between farmers and rural "blood relationship", stabilize the rural environment, and can be limited in the difficult areas which are not suitable for circulation or circulation. The market driven transfer mode is always in the process of resource integration and the effect of the traditional small agricultural transfer mode and multi cooperation. Between the mode, the mode has a large allowed space for investment, management, technology and other resources, and the conditions for the management of the operators are not high. At the same time, the requirements for the natural, social and economic conditions of the region are not high. In most areas, the market drive can be promoted according to the local natural conditions, industrial development, resource endowment, and rural land circulation. The multi cooperative transfer mode has a strong sense of resource integration, rich resource acquisition, rational resource allocation and utilization, intensive and resource integration, which is beneficial to the rapid development of the rural social economy. However, the multi cooperative transfer mode is driven by interests, and there are not many operators in the scale of grain crops, and there are also certain problems. The non agricultural phenomenon of agricultural land is not conducive to the protection of grain, and the multi cooperative transfer mode is due to the huge amount of investment, the complicated management and management, the difficulty of cooperation agreement, the difficult access to policy support, and so on, which put forward high requirements for all aspects of the operators willing to join, which is suitable for the advantages and characteristics of the industry and the social and economic development. Regional development characterized by high level, good infrastructure and low circulation difficulty.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

【参考文献】