外商直接投资对中国农业现代化的影响分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 06:50

本文选题：农业现代化 + 外资　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业是国民经济的基础,其重要性自然是不言而喻,随着经济的发展也带动了一定相关农业经济的发展,但是仅从增长量方面考量是不能说明农业的发展程度的,例如多年的“三农”问题依然没有完全化解。现代化这一概念在1954年被上议程后,多年来各领域都在研究其实现的途径,而农业现代化是转型的关键,是将农业从较为落后的状态转变为先进、发达的过程。依据投入一产出理论,农业想要达到现代化水平必须要拥有一定的投入量,合理的投入量可以有效加速现代化进程,这就需要从国内投资和农民投资来分析,在国内投资方面,2016年我国财政整体支出约19万亿元,其中支农支出约1.8万亿元,占比达到9.8%,比往年有所提升,但是依然不到10%,这部分投资还不能满足农业现代化的要求;农民自身收入有限,对农业生产的投资贡献更是微乎其微。作为农业投资的主要来源这两部分都无法满足发展的需求,导致进程缓慢,这就需要找寻新的出路。世界经济发展迅速,在世界经济的带动下,国际贸易和投资自由化也使得中国经济跟上时代步伐,大步迈进一个新高度,在农业方面也逐渐开放。近年来外资的进入稳步增加,例如在过去的2016年,全国实际利用外资1260亿美元,同比增长4.1%,其中农业实际利用为18.67亿美元。外资的引入可以适当缓解农业资金的缺口问题,弥补有限的财政支农支出,同时引进外资不仅是大量涌入的外国资金,随之伴随着先进的农业技术、机械以及管理经验、人才的引进,这对提高农产品的出口、改善农业结构有着非常重要的影响。中国的经济在外资的推动下得到了充分的发展,但农业现代化的实现和外国直接投资(FDI)到底是什么样的关系?目前专门研究这二者之间关系的文献还比较少,大多还停留在农业与外资之间的关系研究上,单纯的研究农业经济增长问题,没有提出外商直接投资(FDI)对实现农业现代化的影响,并且多是通过定性分析来得到一些答案,但仅选用定性分析来解释问题是比较浅显的分析,还需要借助一定的定量分析来具体阐述。本文通过对农业现代化指标体系的构建,设定解释变量为外商直接投资,被解释变量为农业现代化,控制变量为国家财政支农支出以及农业剩余劳动力,利用回归模型来分析外商直接投资与农业现代化之间的关系。通过实证研究发现,外商直接投资对农业生产效果指标反应最为显著,所以文章提出鼓励外资进入农业盈利性产业领域,由点入面,逐步向农业全产业链延伸;国家财政支农支出应该用于农业内部环境的改善;土地转移制度继续完善,农业剩余劳动力逐步转移,三者有效结合促进农业现代化水平的提升。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and its importance is self-evident. With the development of the economy, it has also led to the development of a certain degree of agricultural economy. However, considering only from the aspect of growth and quantity, it cannot explain the degree of agricultural development. For example, many years of the "three rural" problem is still not completely resolved. After the concept of modernization was put on the agenda in 1954, various fields have been studying the ways to realize it for many years. Agricultural modernization is the key to the transformation, and it is the process of transforming agriculture from a relatively backward state to an advanced and developed one. According to the input-output theory, in order to achieve the modernization level, agriculture must have a certain amount of input, reasonable input can effectively accelerate the modernization process, which needs to be analyzed from domestic investment and peasant investment. In terms of domestic investment, the overall expenditure of our country in 2016 is about 19 trillion yuan, of which the expenditure on supporting agriculture is about 1.8 trillion yuan, accounting for 9.8 yuan, which is higher than in previous years, but still less than 10%, this part of investment can not meet the requirements of agricultural modernization; Farmers' own income is limited, the investment contribution to agricultural production is even less. As the main source of agricultural investment, these two parts can not meet the needs of development, resulting in slow progress, which requires finding a new way out. With the rapid development of world economy, the liberalization of international trade and investment also makes China's economy keep pace with the times, stride forward to a new height, and gradually open to the outside world in agriculture. In recent years, foreign investment has steadily increased. For example, in the past 2016, the country actually used $126 billion of foreign capital, an increase of 4.1 percent over the same period last year, of which actual utilization of agriculture was $1.867 billion. The introduction of foreign capital can properly alleviate the gap of agricultural funds and make up for the limited expenditure on supporting agriculture. At the same time, the introduction of foreign capital is not only a large influx of foreign funds, but also accompanied by advanced agricultural technology, machinery and management experience. The introduction of talents has a very important impact on the export of agricultural products and the improvement of agricultural structure. China's economy has been fully developed under the impetus of foreign investment, but what is the relationship between the realization of agricultural modernization and foreign direct investment (FDI)? At present, the literature devoted to the study of the relationship between the two is still relatively few, and most of them remain in the study of the relationship between agriculture and foreign investment, and simply study the issue of agricultural economic growth. The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the realization of agricultural modernization is not mentioned, and most of the answers are obtained by qualitative analysis, but only qualitative analysis is used to explain the problem. Also need to use certain quantitative analysis to elaborate concretely. By constructing the index system of agricultural modernization, this paper sets the explanatory variable as foreign direct investment, the explained variable as agricultural modernization, the control variable as the national fiscal expenditure for agriculture support and the agricultural surplus labor force. The regression model is used to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and agricultural modernization. Through empirical research, it is found that FDI has the most significant effect on agricultural production, so the article proposes to encourage foreign investment to enter the field of agricultural profit-making industry, and gradually extend to the whole agricultural industry chain from point to face. The national financial expenditure on supporting agriculture should be used to improve the internal environment of agriculture, the system of land transfer continues to be perfected, the surplus labor force of agriculture is gradually transferred, and the three factors effectively combine to promote the improvement of the level of agricultural modernization.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6;F323

【参考文献】