生鲜食品冷链物流配送路径优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 01:27

本文选题：生鲜食品 + 冷链物流　；参考：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国经济的快速发展使得居民的生活水平得到了极大的提高,居民的饮食结构也变得越来越多样化,此时,居民对生鲜食品的需求不断增加。但是,生鲜食品时效性强、保质期短等性质加大了生鲜食品存储、运输的难度,一般的常温物流很难满足生鲜食品配送的条件,这种情况下冷链物流应运而生。冷链物流泛指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏、运输、销售,到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下,以保证食品质量,减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。与发达国家相比,我国的冷链物流行业仍然处于起步期,冷链技术尚不完善,缺乏相应的专业型人才,这些都限制了我国冷链物流行业的发展。冷链物流企业也逐渐认识到配送过程中的车辆路径规划问题在配送过程中极为重要,不仅关系到成本问题、生鲜食品的质量,还将直接影响到客户对配送服务的满意程度。本文主要研究生鲜食品冷链物流中的路径问题,在对冷链物流的概念、特点进行了研究分析的基础上,分析了我国的冷链物流产业。之后对车辆路径问题从其定义、分类及解决方法三个方面进行了研究。第三部分从运筹学的角度出发,分析了生鲜食品冷链物流配送过程中所产生的运输成本、损失成本与能源消耗成本,之后结合现实情况确定了模型中的六个约束条件,并建立了以总的经济成本最小化为目标函数的数学模型。由于车辆路径问题属于NP难题,并不能通过有效算法得到其精确解,本文的第四部分介绍了解决该问题的一种启发式算法——蚁群算法,该算法通过对蚂蚁群从洞穴出发寻找食物过程的模拟,来实现对最优路径的搜索,并就如何利用蚁群算法实现路径优化的步骤进行了研究。之后,本文选取了一个实例——特易得供应链管理公司,利用该公司某日的实际配送数据对其进行了生鲜食品冷链物流配送的路径优化研究,通过利用MATLAB软件编程,得到了最优的配送方案,并与该公司的实际配送路线进行了成本之间的对比,证明了本模型在成本优化方面的可行性、有效性。最后,针对中国冷链物流产业的特点及我国冷链产业在发展方面的问题,提出了加强配送成本控制、增强应对突发事件的能力、加强冷链产业的信息化建设、完善冷链物流产业链以及完善冷链物流产业相关的政策法规与监督等五个方面的对策与措施,以提高配送效率,减少生鲜食品配送过程中的损耗,降低配送成本、保障冷链物流企业的效益,推进我国冷链物流产业的发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the living standard of residents has been greatly improved, and the residents' dietary structure has become more and more diversified. At this time, the demand for fresh food is increasing. However, the quality of fresh food is strong and the shelf life is short, which has increased the storage of fresh food, the difficulty of transportation, and the general logistics of normal temperature. It is difficult to meet the conditions of fresh food distribution. In this case, cold chain logistics emerges as the times require. Cold chain logistics refers to a systematic project to ensure the quality of food and reduce the loss of food in all links of production, storage, transportation, sales and consumption before consumption. The cold chain logistics industry in our country is still in the beginning period, the cold chain technology is not perfect and the professional talents are lacking. All these restrict the development of the cold chain logistics industry in our country. The cold chain logistics enterprises have gradually realized that the vehicle routing problem in the distribution process is important for the distribution of Cheng Zhongji, which is not only related to the cost problem, but also to the cost problem. The quality of fresh food will also directly affect the satisfaction of the customer to the distribution service. This paper mainly studies the path problem in the cold chain logistics of fresh food. On the basis of the research and analysis of the concept and characteristics of cold chain logistics, the cold chain logistics industry in China is analyzed, and the vehicle routing problem is defined, classified and solved. The third part studies the three aspects. From the perspective of operational research, the transportation cost, the cost of loss and the cost of energy consumption in the process of fresh food cold chain logistics distribution are analyzed, and then six constraints in the model are determined according to the reality, and the target letter is set up with the total economic cost minimization. As the vehicle routing problem belongs to the NP problem, it can not get the exact solution by the effective algorithm. The fourth part of this paper introduces a heuristic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, to solve the problem. The algorithm can search the optimal path by the simulation of the ant group from the cave to find the food process. The steps of how to implement the path optimization by ant colony algorithm are studied. After that, this paper selects an example, the supply chain management company, which uses the actual distribution data of the company to optimize the cold chain logistics distribution path of fresh food. Through the MATLAB software programming, it gets the best. The distribution scheme is compared with the cost of the actual distribution line of the company, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of this model in the cost optimization. Finally, in view of the characteristics of the cold chain logistics industry in China and the problems in the development of the cold chain industry in China, this paper proposes to strengthen the control of distribution cost and enhance the ability to deal with emergencies. To strengthen the information construction of cold chain industry, improve the cold chain logistics industry chain and improve the cold chain logistics industry related policies and regulations and supervision and other five countermeasures and measures, in order to improve the efficiency of distribution, reduce the loss in the process of fresh food distribution, reduce the cost of distribution, ensure the efficiency of cold chain logistics enterprises, and promote the cold chain of our country The development of the logistics industry.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.6

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