喀斯特山地土地利用变化的垂直分布特征

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:17

本文选题：土地利用变化 + 海拔分布　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2016年12期

【摘要】：喀斯特山区土地利用变化受复杂地形影响,以往大尺度研究皆是对整个研究区地形特征进行统计,局部土地利用变化空间特征和差异研究较少。本文以黔桂喀斯特山地为例,构建土地利用动态垂直梯度指数,刻画和揭示研究区土地利用变化的垂直分布特征。结果表明:1990—2010年,喀斯特山地土地利用的净变化面积较小,但各土地利用类型的相互转化剧烈。耕地被建设用地挤占,林地和草地又被开垦为耕地;生态恢复工程使得林地、草地和水域等明显增加。增加和减少的耕地在垂直分布上明显错位,减少耕地主要分布于低海拔(0~200m)和缓坡度(0?~5?)区域,而增加耕地主要位于高海拔(600~1 400 m)和陡坡(8?~25?)区域;增加和减少的林地和草地在分布上相互对应,分别在800~1 400 m和8?~25?出现峰值;水域和建设用地的增加多位于低海拔(0~800m)和缓坡度(0?~5?)区域。应用土地利用动态垂直梯度指数发现,尽管2000—2010年研究区新增建设用地集中在最低海拔和最缓坡度等级,但局部范围内新增建设用地趋近于相对更高海拔和陡坡区域分布。有限土地资源使得喀斯特山区有向高海拔、陡坡区域进行土地利用开发的趋势。土地利用动态垂直梯度指数,既可进一步支撑采用全局统计分析方法结论,也可分析和挖掘土地利用变化垂直分布特征的局部相对差异。
[Abstract]:Land use change in karst mountainous area is affected by complex terrain. In the past, the large scale research was all about the topographic characteristics of the whole study area, but the spatial characteristics and differences of local land use change were less studied. In this paper, the dynamic vertical gradient index of land use in Guizhou and Guangxi karst mountains is constructed to characterize and reveal the vertical distribution characteristics of land use change in the study area. The results showed that the net change area of land use in karst mountainous area was small, but the transformation of different land use types was severe. Cultivated land is overrun by construction land, woodland and grassland are reclaimed into cultivated land, and ecological restoration project makes woodland, grassland and water area increase obviously. The increase and decrease of cultivated land were obviously misplaced in vertical distribution, and the decrease of cultivated land was mainly distributed in the low elevation of 0 ~ 200 m) and the gentle slope was less than 5% (P < 0.05). Area, and the increase of cultivated land is mainly located at 1 400 m) and steep slope. The distribution of increased and reduced woodlands and grasslands corresponds to each other in 800m and 8000m, respectively. Peak value; the increase of water area and construction land is mostly located at the low elevation of 0 ~ 800m) and the gentle slope is more than 5m) Area Using the dynamic vertical gradient index of land use, it is found that, although the new construction land in the study area was concentrated at the lowest elevation and the lowest slope grade from 2000 to 2010, the new construction land in the local area tended to be distributed at a relatively higher altitude and steep slope area. The limited land resources make the karst mountain area have the tendency of land use development in high elevation and steep slope area. The dynamic vertical gradient index of land use can not only support the conclusion of global statistical analysis method, but also analyze and excavate the local relative differences of vertical distribution characteristics of land use change.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2015CB452702) 国家自然科学基金项目(41601095)资助~~
【分类号】：F301.2

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