中美土地密集型农产品比较优势研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 01:15

本文选题：土地密集型农产品 + 显示性比较优势　；参考：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国加入WTO,农产品市场进一步开放。农产品竞争也从国内转向国际,我国农业面临国际市场的冲击。土地密集型农产品包括水稻、玉米、小麦为主的谷物类、以大豆、油籽为主的油料作物类、以棉花为主的纤维类和糖料类产品等,它们是人类赖以生存的最基本物质条件,属于关系国计民生的战略性资源,其生产和供应不仅涉及粮食安全,还涉及“三农”问题,对于人口大国尤其是这样。自2001年以来,中国土地密集型农产品的出口额以及国际市场占有率呈下降趋势。中国大豆从2010年开始出口额以及国际市场占有率明显下降,谷物类农产品和棉花分别从2008和2004年开始。相比而言,美国土地密集型农产品的出口则一直在国际市场上占有很高的份额,个别土地密集型农产品的出口更是占了国际出口市场的半壁江山。从这一背景出发,对比分析中美土地密集型农产品显示性比较优势、正确评估中美土地密集型农产品的真实比较优势,对我国农产品结构的结构调整具有重要意义。本文采用理论和实证分析相结合的方法对中美的土地密集型农产品比较优势进行了对比分析。首先根据联合国数据库的贸易数据计算中美主要土地密集型农产品的RCA指数并作了分析。又从土地生产率指标、成本价格指标分析了中美土地密集型农产品的真实差异。随后入手分析了中美主要土地密集型农产品的真实比较优势的影响因素,最后针对各个影响因素提出建议。本文主要内容分为六个章节：第一章是绪论。主要简单交代了本文研究的国内外背景、国内外研究综述、本文的研究方法、创新点及不足之处。第二章为理论分析。分为理论基础和土地密集型农产品比较优势考核指标及影响因素。其中理论基础部分包括绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、要素禀赋理论。第三章为中美土地密集型农产品显示性比较优势对比分析。主要通过联合国商品贸易统计数据库2001-2013年中美主要土地密集型农产品的贸易数据分析了2001-2013年间中美主要土地密集型农产品的显示性比较优势及其变化趋势。第四章为中美土地密集型农产品真实比较优势对比分析。本部分从土地生产率指标和成本价格指标来分析中美土地密集型农产品的真实比较优势。第五章为中美土地密集型农产品真实比较优势差异原因分析。分析了中美在生产经营规模、产业化经营组织模式、农业机械化程度、化肥使用量、灌溉水平、以及农业基础设施和农业支持政策方面的差异。第六章为提高我国土地密集型农产品比较优势的建议。分别针对第五章的各个部分提出建议。本文的基本观点为：美国稻谷、玉米和大豆的生产比较优势明显高于中国,而中国小麦和棉花的生产比较优势高于美国。在变化趋势上,中美两国这类农产品的生产比较优势差距在逐步趋小。通过对真实比较优势的影响因素分析,建议提高我国土地密集型农产品的比较优势主要从以下几个方面：鼓励土地流转发展适度规模经营；改善产业化经营组织模式；提高农业机械化水平、减少化肥使用量、提高灌溉效率；完善农业基础设施,建设高标准农田；调整支持结构,健全农业保险。
[Abstract]:With China's entry into the WTO, the market for agricultural products is further open. The competition of agricultural products has also shifted from domestic to international. China's agriculture is facing the impact of the international market. The land intensive agricultural products include rice, corn, wheat based Cereals, soybean and oilseed oil crops, cotton based fiber and sugar products, etc. It is the most basic material condition for the survival of human beings. It belongs to the strategic resources related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Its production and supply not only involves food security, but also involves the "three rural" problems, especially for the large population.
Since 2001, the export of China's land intensive agricultural products and the share of the international market have declined. The export of Chinese soybean from 2010 and the share of the international market have declined significantly. The grain type agricultural products and cotton began to begin in 2008 and 2004 respectively. With a high share in the international market, the export of individual land intensive agricultural products is more than half of the international export market. From this background, the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States are compared and analyzed, and the real comparative advantage of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States is correctly evaluated and the structure of agricultural products in China is constructed. It is of great significance to adjust the structure.
This paper compares the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States by combining theoretical and empirical analysis. First, the RCA index of the major land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States is calculated and analyzed according to the trade data of the United Nations Database. The analysis of the China and the United States from the index of land production rate and the cost and price index The real difference between the land intensive agricultural products and the influencing factors of the real comparative advantage of the main land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States are analyzed. Finally, the suggestions are made for the various factors. The main contents of this paper are divided into six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter is theoretical analysis, which is divided into theoretical basis and land intensive agricultural products comparative advantage assessment index and influencing factors. The theoretical basis part includes absolute advantage theory, comparative advantage theory and factor endowment theory. The third chapter is the display of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. The comparative advantage and trend of the major land intensive agricultural products of the United States and the United States in the past 2001-2013 years are analyzed mainly through the trade data of the major land intensive agricultural products of the United States and the United States in the past 2001-2013 years. The fourth chapter is the real comparison of the land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. This part analyses the real comparative advantage of land intensive agricultural products from the land productivity index and cost price index. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the reasons for the difference of the real comparative advantage of the land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. The scale of production and operation, the mode of production and operation organization, the degree of agricultural mechanization are analyzed. The difference between fertilizer use, irrigation level, and agricultural infrastructure and agricultural support policy. The sixth chapter is the suggestion to improve the comparative advantage of the land intensive agricultural products in China. The suggestions are made for each part of the fifth chapter respectively.
The basic point of this paper is that the comparative advantage of the production of rice, corn and soybean in the United States is obviously higher than that of China, while the comparative advantage of Chinese wheat and cotton is higher than that of the United States. In the trend of change, the gap of comparative advantage of the production of agricultural products in China and the United States is gradually decreasing. In order to improve the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products in China, the following aspects are as follows: encouraging the development of the appropriate scale management of land circulation, improving the model of industrial management organization, improving the level of agricultural mechanization, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer, improving the efficiency of irrigation, improving the agricultural infrastructure, building high standard farmland, and adjusting the support knot. Construct, improve agricultural insurance.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.5;F371.2

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