福建省耕地生态补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 22:35

本文选题：福建省 + 耕地　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国高速的城市化和工业化不断占用农业可耕地,高能耗的工业经济发展以及工业武装下的农业经济发展又进一步使耕地土壤受到污染,这些都严峻威胁我国的粮食和食品安全。耕地生态补偿机制的建立和实施是解决上述耕地双重问题的有效路径。耕地生态补偿作为一种运用财政、市场等经济手段激励耕地使用者(通常指农民)维持耕地的生态系统服务,平衡耕地维护者和破坏者之间的利益关系,以内部化农业生产活动产生的外部成本或收益,保障农业可持续发展的经济制度安排。本研究综合生态学、经济学和社会学的相关理论,应用综合三者的生态经济学方法,在评估福建省耕地生态系统服务价值的基础上,构建福建耕地生态补偿的机制;以厦门为例,核算福建省耕地生态补偿的范畴和标准;提出完善耕地生态补偿机制及其实施对策。具体研究结论如下:(1)系统梳理了耕地生态补偿的国内外研究进展和理论基础。从界定生态系统服务到耕地生态补偿的概念;概要国内外耕地生态补偿的研究进展;以融合生态学、经济学、社会学等多学科的生态经济学理论为指导,指出耕地生态补偿的研究和应用是实现生态学与经济学对话的重要成果。(2)尝试构建了福建省耕地生态补偿机制。从耕地生态补偿原则、补偿主体、对象和范畴来框定福建耕地生态补偿机制的基本架构,并提出实施生态补偿机制的范畴、标准、补偿方式。(3)基于经济外部性的内部化方法核算了福州等8个地区的耕地生态补偿的范畴和量化标准。依据外部性理论模型和耕地生态系统各项服务价值的基值单价来核算生态补偿的标准,并划分9种基本服务价值;以区分耕地生态保护区和报偿区的视角探讨了耕地生态补偿的外部效益。(4)以生态系统服务评估方法核算了厦门市耕地生态补偿的范畴和量化标准。依据生态系统服务价值基本原理,先划分气候调节价值、水源涵养与净化价值、空气净化价值、土壤保持价值等各项耕地生态服务价值作为耕地生态补偿的基本范畴,后运用市场价值法、支付意愿法、旅行费用法等研究方法对各项服务价值具体核算,核定厦门市耕地生态补偿的量化标准。(5)提出完善和实施福建省耕地生态补偿机制的对策。从强化政府主导角色、推动利益相关者的参与以及完善法律法规保障体系等三个方面来阐述完善和实施福建省耕地生态补偿机制的对策。
[Abstract]:The rapid urbanization and industrialization of our country continue to occupy agricultural arable land, and the high energy consumption of industrial economy and the development of agricultural economy under the industrial armed forces further pollute the cultivated land soil. These are serious threats to our food and food security. The establishment and implementation of ecological compensation mechanism for cultivated land is an effective way to solve the dual problem of cultivated land mentioned above. As a kind of economic means, such as finance and market, cultivated land ecological compensation is used to encourage cultivated land users (usually farmers) to maintain cultivated land ecosystem services, and to balance the interest relationship between cultivated land defenders and saboteurs. The economic institutional arrangement to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture is based on the external cost or income generated by the internalization of agricultural production activities. In this paper, the relevant theories of comprehensive ecology, economics and sociology are studied, and the mechanism of ecological compensation of cultivated land in Fujian Province is constructed on the basis of evaluating the service value of cultivated land ecosystem in Fujian Province. Taking Xiamen as an example, the categories and standards of ecological compensation for cultivated land in Fujian Province are calculated, and the mechanism of ecological compensation for cultivated land and its implementation countermeasures are put forward. The research results are as follows: 1) systematically combing the research progress and theoretical basis of cultivated land ecological compensation at home and abroad. From defining the concept of ecosystem service to cultivated land ecological compensation; summarizing the research progress of cultivated land ecological compensation at home and abroad; guided by the theory of ecological economics, such as integrating ecology, economics, sociology and so on. It is pointed out that the research and application of cultivated land ecological compensation is an important achievement in realizing the dialogue between ecology and economics. The basic framework of Fujian cultivated land ecological compensation mechanism is defined from the principles, subjects, objects and categories of cultivated land ecological compensation, and the category and standard of implementing ecological compensation mechanism are put forward. Based on the internalization method of economic externality, the category and quantitative standard of ecological compensation for cultivated land in Fuzhou and other eight regions were calculated. According to the externality theory model and the basic value unit price of each service value of cultivated land ecosystem, the standard of ecological compensation is calculated, and nine kinds of basic service value are divided. The external benefit of cultivated land ecological compensation is discussed from the perspective of distinguishing cultivated land ecological protection area from compensation area. (4) the category and quantitative standard of cultivated land ecological compensation in Xiamen are calculated by ecosystem service evaluation method. According to the basic principle of ecosystem service value, the basic categories of cultivated land ecological service value, such as climate adjustment value, water conservation and purification value, air purification value, soil maintenance value and so on, are classified as the basic categories of cultivated land ecological compensation. After that, using market value method, willingness to pay method, travel cost method and other research methods to calculate the value of each service and verify the quantitative standard of ecological compensation of cultivated land in Xiamen City, the countermeasures to perfect and implement the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land in Fujian Province are put forward. The countermeasures of perfecting and implementing ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land in Fujian Province are expounded from three aspects: strengthening the leading role of the government, promoting the participation of stakeholders and perfecting the legal and regulatory protection system.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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