广河县土地利用格局的地形梯度特征及其驱动力研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 20:37

本文选题：土地利用格局 + 地形梯度　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地形因子对土地利用格局与变化有重要影响。本文基于GIS平台,采用地形位指数、分布指数、转移分布指数和土地利用强度指数方法,运用土地利用转移矩阵模型、Markov模型和二元Logistic回归模型,研究了2009-2014年广河县土地利用格局和土地利用类型转移情况的地形梯度特征,揭示了在地形因子影响下土地利用类型分布及变化规律。剖析了影响耕地、林地、草地、建设用地、水域和未利用地分布的关键影响因素。结果表明:(1)广河县土地利用类型以耕地与草地为主,呈西南耕东北草分布。2009-2014年间,呈现各土地利用类型向建设用地转移的趋势,其中耕地是建设用地主要转入源,草地是耕地主要补给源。(2)从地形起伏梯度上看,随地形起伏度的增加,土地利用类型相互转变的活跃度减少。低地形起伏区域,各土地利用类型向建设用地转移活跃;高地形起伏区域,主要表现为草地向耕地和建设用地转移的趋势。(3)从坡度梯度上看,随坡度的增加,土地利用类型相互转换的活跃度减少。坡度小的区域,水域、建设用地和耕地分布集中,表现为耕地向建设用地转移的活跃趋势。中坡度区域,林地、未利用地分布集中。坡度大的区域,草地分布集中,土地利用类型转移很不活跃。(4)从坡向上看,土地利用类型转移活跃度:平坡半阳坡半阴坡阴坡阳坡。平坡地理条件最好,表现为各土地利用类型向建设用地转移的活跃趋势。阳坡太阳辐射大、温度较高,比较缺水。阴坡太阳辐射少、温度低。广河县位处西北干旱区,水分是最大限制性因子。所以半阳坡与半阴坡的土地利用类型转移活跃度大于阴坡与阳坡。(5)从地形位梯度上看,低地形位区域,水域、建设用地和耕地分布集中,中地形位区域,林地分布集中,高地形位区域,草地、未利用地分布集中。1-3级地形位,表现出水域、未利用地、林地与建设用地间活跃的相互转化趋势。3级以上地形位,草地变化趋势最活跃。(6)未来15年间,土地利用格局依然是耕地草地林地建设用地水域未利用地,建设用地处于增加态势。(7)显著影响耕地分布的因素包括坡向、坡度、高程、劳动力占比、人均纯收入、人口密度、距县城的距离、距建制镇的距离、距公路的距离、距村庄的距离和距离采矿用地的距离。其中,关键因素是坡度;显著影响林地分布的因素包括坡向、地形位、坡度、人均纯收入、人口密度、距县城的距离、距建制镇的距离、距河流的距离、距公路的距离、距村庄的距离和距离采矿用地的距离。其中,关键因素是地形位;显著影响草地分布的因素包括坡向、地形位、坡度、高程、人均纯收入、人口密度、距河流的距离和距离村庄的距离。其中,关键因素是地形位;显著影响建设用地分布的因素包括地形位、高程、距建制镇的距离、距公路的距离和距离村庄的距离。其中,关键因素是地形位;显著影响水域分布的因素包括地形位、距县城的距离、距建制镇的距离、距河流的距离和距离村庄的距离。其中,关键因素是距建制镇的距离;显著影响未利用地分布的因素包括地形位、高程、距建制镇的距离、距河流的距离和距离采矿用地的距离,其中,关键因素是地形位。(8)最可能转变为建设用地的耕地所在区域,位于建设用地与耕地等竞争优势区域;最可能补给耕地的草地所在区域,位于草地与耕地等竞争优势区域。
[Abstract]:Topographic factors have an important influence on land use pattern and change. Based on the GIS platform, the landuse index, distribution index, transfer distribution index and land use intensity index are used in this paper. The land use transfer matrix model, Markov model and two element Logistic regression model are used to study the land use pattern and the land use pattern of Guanghe County in 2009-2014 years. The terrain gradient characteristics of land use type transfer, reveal the distribution and change law of land use types under the influence of topographic factors. The key factors affecting the distribution of cultivated land, woodland, grassland, construction land, water and unused land are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the type of land use in Guanghe county is mainly cultivated land and grassland, and it is West. The distribution of land use type to construction land is the trend of the transfer of land use type to construction land in.2009-2014 years, in which the cultivated land is the main source of construction land, and the grassland is the main supply source of cultivated land. (2) from the terrain fluctuation gradient, the fluctuation degree of the land use type is increased, the activity of land use type change decreases. The low terrain undulating area is reduced. The land use type is active to the construction land, and the highland fluctuating area is mainly shown as the trend of the transfer of the grassland to the cultivated land and the construction land. (3) from the gradient gradient, with the increase of the gradient, the active degree of the conversion of land use types is reduced. The small area of the slope, the water area, the construction land and the cultivated land are concentrated, showing the cultivation of cultivated land. The active trend of land transfer to construction land. Slope area, woodland, unused land distribution. The area with large slope, grassland distribution centralization, land use type transfer is very inactive. (4) from the slope to see, the land use type transfer activity: flat slope half Yang slope half shade slope sunny slope. The flat slope geographical conditions are best, performance of the land benefits The active trend of transfer from type to construction land. The sun radiation of Yang slope is large, the temperature is higher, the water is less and the temperature is low. The water is the most restrictive factor in the northwest arid area of Guanghe county. So the transition degree of the land use type of the semi sunny slope and the half shade slope is larger than the shade slope and the sunny slope. (5) from the terrain position gradient. It is found that the low land area, water area, construction land and cultivated land distribution centralization, middle terrain position area, forest land distribution centralization, highland shape area, grassland and unused land distribution centralized.1-3 level terrain position, showing water area, unused land, the active mutual transformation trend of.3 level terrain between the woodland and construction land, and the most active grassland change trend. 6) in the next 15 years, the land use pattern is still unused land in the water area of cultivated land and grassland, and the construction land is increasing. (7) the factors affecting the distribution of cultivated land include slope direction, slope, height, labor ratio, per capita net income, population density, distance from the county town, distance from the town, distance from the road, distance from the road, and the distance from the village. The distance and distance from the mining land. Among them, the key factor is the slope; the factors that significantly affect the distribution of woodlands include slope direction, terrain position, slope, per capita net income, population density, distance from the county town, distance from the town, distance from the river, distance from the highway, distance from the village, distance from the village and the distance from the mining land. The key factor is the terrain position; the factors that affect the distribution of the grassland include slope direction, terrain position, slope, height, per capita net income, population density, distance from the river and distance from the village. Among them, the key factor is the terrain position; the factors that affect the distribution of the construction land include terrain, elevation, distance from the town, distance from the road. The key factor is terrain position, the distance from the town, the distance from the town, the distance from the river and the distance from the village. The key factor is the distance from the town, and the factors that affect the unused distribution include terrain position and elevation, The distance from the town, distance from the river and the distance from the mining land, among them, the key factor is the terrain position. (8) the most likely area of the cultivated land, which is most likely to be transformed into a construction land, is located in the competitive advantage areas such as the construction land and the cultivated land, and the most likely area of the grassland in the grassland and the cultivated land, which is most likely to recharge the cultivated land, is in the competitive advantage area of grassland and cultivated land.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

【参考文献】