长安区影响耕地质量的障碍因子分析及耕地生产潜力研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:41

本文选题：耕地质量 + 障碍因子　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个农业大国,地域广阔,山脉纵横,人口众多,人均耕地面积在世界排名远远靠后。耕地质量总体上偏低,土地问题日益突出,耕地退化、水土流失、土地沙漠化、耕地污染以及长期高强度、超负荷利用,严重影响耕地产出,也对农产品质量安全和农业可持续发展形成威胁。国家每年的耕地占补平衡、增减挂钩项目,虽说保证了耕地的数量,但每每都是以次充好,偏远的、质量差的耕地代替了优质耕地,致使粮食总产量不断下降,造成粮食安全隐患。在人均耕地面积少的情况下,提高耕地质量是解决国家粮食安全问题的有效途径之一。本文基于长安区耕地质量等别更新评价成果,利用“耕地质量自然等—限制型评价体系”,借助ARCGIS的数据处理、缓冲区分析、地图出图等功能,综合长安区地形地貌、土壤理化性质、农田基础设施建设等因素分析影响耕地质量的障碍因子。本文以长安区为例,应用上述方法明确耕地质量的自然等别、限制型因子有效土层厚度、土壤剖面构型、土壤有机质含量、地形坡度、灌溉保证率、土壤盐渍化程度、灌溉水源、排水条件。借助ARCGIS缓冲区分析影响耕地质量的障碍因子,运用科学合理的技术手段,通过增加有土壤效土层厚度、土地平整、改良土壤条件、改善灌溉条件等措施,进而提高长安区耕地质量等别,再利用“耕地质量自然等—限制型评价体系“”,计算出提升后的耕地的国家级自然等。通过比较提升前后耕地作物产量的差值,来反应长安区耕地生产潜力的大小。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with vast area, wide mountain range, large population, and the per capita cultivated land is far from the lowest in the world. The quality of cultivated land is on the low side, the problem of land becomes more and more prominent, the degradation of cultivated land, soil erosion, desertification of land, cultivated land pollution and long-term high intensity and overload utilization seriously affect the output of cultivated land. It is also a threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products and the sustainable development of agriculture. The country's annual cultivated land share and supplement balance, the increase or decrease of the linked projects, although the amount of arable land has been guaranteed, but often is substandard, remote, poor quality arable land instead of high-quality farmland, resulting in a continuous decline in total grain production, Cause hidden trouble of grain security. Improving the quality of cultivated land is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of national food security. Based on the evaluation results of cultivated land quality in Changan district, this paper synthesizes the topography and geomorphology of Changan area by means of "cultivated land quality natural equal-restricted evaluation system", with the help of ARCGIS data processing, buffer analysis, map mapping and other functions. Soil physical and chemical properties, farmland infrastructure construction and other factors affecting the quality of arable land were analyzed. In this paper, taking Changan district as an example, we use the above methods to determine the natural equality of cultivated land quality, the thickness of available soil layer, soil profile configuration, soil organic matter content, topographic slope, irrigation guarantee rate and soil salinization degree. Water source for irrigation, drainage conditions. With the aid of ARCGIS buffer zone analysis of the obstacle factors affecting the quality of cultivated land, scientific and reasonable technical means are used to improve the soil quality by increasing the effective soil layer thickness, leveling the land, improving the soil conditions, improving the irrigation conditions, and so on. In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Changan district, and then calculate the national nature of cultivated land after upgrading by using the "natural equal-limited evaluation system of cultivated land quality". By comparing the difference of cultivated land crop yield before and after raising, the potential of cultivated land production in Changan district was reflected.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S15;F323.211

【参考文献】