中国农村土地证券化研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 11:46

本文选题：农村土地 + 土地证券化　；参考：《吉林财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个典型的农业大国,农业的发展好坏直接关系到国民经济情况,但是目前农业发展状况差强人意,“三农”始终是我国社会发展问题中的重中之重。制约“三农”发展的重要原因之一就是资金短缺。在农村,土地是必不可少的生产资料,是农民最基本的生存保障,但我国当前土地制度有很多缺陷,生产经营效率低下,农村生产经营资金缺乏,农地的作用无法充分体现。为缓解这一困境,必须要寻求新的有效解决办法,加强土地流转,实现规模经营。客观来看,制度上的改革目前很难突破,以往传统的融资模式已不能完全适用,因此要进行创新。本文认为,农村土地证券化不失为一个合适的选择。资产证券化是近年来金融创新的重大举措,它是将原本不易被拆分的土地分割成若干个小股权收益证明,通过金融机构对其进行信用评级,将投资者投资标的物这一行为转化成投资入股分红的参与形式。农村土地证券化是资产证券化的一种,是指针对能够在未来产生可预期的现金流的土地资产,发行以该项资产或者大量该类资产组合为支撑的收益的权利凭证,并且使得这些凭证可以被众多投资者购买并在这些投资者之间转让的过程。它能够让农村土地的承包经营权变成可流通的证券化产品,为农业发展带来了可用现金流,同时也使得农业抗风险能力得以增强。本文分为六部分。第一部分为导论。首先阐述了农村土地证券化的研究背景,整理了与本文内容相关的国内外文献,概述了全文思路、研究方法、框架结构。并总结出文中的创新点和尚且存在的不足之处;第二部分内容首先介绍了我国农村土地制度经历的三个主要历史阶段,其次列举了我国现有农村土地制度存在的问题;第三部分在介绍了资产证券化、农村土地证券化的基本概念之后,首先阐述了农村土地证券化的意义,它能够拓宽融资渠道,促进农地流转,加快我国城镇化的进程,最终促进资本市场的发展和进步。接下来列举了我国农地证券化实施的可行性,一方面,土地的保障功能逐渐弱化,农民的金融意识也在不断先进。另一方面,农村土地流转率不断提高,我国的资本市场也越来越完善,这诸多因素都有利于农地证券化的进行;第四部分阐述了我国农村土地证券化可用的三种模式,包括农地抵押贷款证券化、农地收益证券化、农地产权证券化。三种模式可以为我国农村土地证券化的实践提供借鉴,但综合各种情况考虑,本文认为农地产权证券化更适宜推行;第五部分客观地总结了这一过程中可能遇到的障碍;最后一部分针对上述的障碍因素提出了相应的应对措施和建议。
[Abstract]:China is a typical agricultural country, the development of agriculture is directly related to the national economic situation, but the current situation of agricultural development is unsatisfactory, "agriculture, rural areas" has always been the most important social development problems in our country. One of the important reasons for restricting the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the shortage of funds. In rural areas, land is the essential means of production and the most basic guarantee for farmers' survival. However, the current land system in China has many defects, such as low efficiency of production and management, lack of funds for rural production and management, and the role of agricultural land cannot be fully reflected. In order to alleviate this dilemma, we must seek new effective solutions, strengthen land circulation and realize scale management. Objectively, the reform of the system is difficult to break through at present, the traditional financing mode can not be fully applied in the past, so it is necessary to innovate. This paper holds that securitization of rural land is an appropriate choice. Asset securitization is a major measure of financial innovation in recent years. It is to divide the land originally difficult to be split into a number of small equity returns to prove that it has a credit rating through financial institutions. The behavior of investor investment subject matter is transformed into the participation form of share-in-share dividend. Rural land securitization is a kind of asset securitization, which refers to the issuance of a certificate of rights to the income supported by the asset or a large number of such asset combinations for land assets that can generate expected cash flow in the future. And the process by which these vouchers can be purchased and transferred between them by a large number of investors. It can make the contracted management right of rural land become a negotiable securitization product, bring the available cash flow for the development of agriculture, and also enhance the ability of resisting risks in agriculture. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is an introduction. Firstly, this paper expounds the research background of rural land securitization, arranges the domestic and foreign literature related to the content of this paper, and summarizes the ideas, research methods and framework structure of the full text. The second part introduces the three main historical stages of the rural land system in China, and then enumerates the existing problems of the rural land system in China. After introducing the basic concepts of asset securitization and rural land securitization, the third part first expounds the significance of rural land securitization, which can broaden the financing channels, promote the circulation of agricultural land, and accelerate the process of urbanization in China. Finally, promote the development and progress of the capital market. On the one hand, the function of land security is gradually weakened, and farmers' financial consciousness is constantly advanced. On the other hand, the rate of rural land circulation is increasing, and the capital market of our country is becoming more and more perfect. All these factors are conducive to the securitization of agricultural land. The fourth part expounds the three available modes of securitization of rural land in our country. It includes the securitization of agricultural land mortgage loan, the securitization of farmland income and the securitization of farmland property right. The three models can be used for reference in the practice of rural land securitization in China, but considering all kinds of circumstances, this paper thinks that the securitization of farmland property rights is more suitable to be carried out; the fifth part objectively summarizes the obstacles that may be encountered in the process. The last part puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the above obstacles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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