基于土地利用类型变化的郑州市海绵城市建设研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 10:04

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,城市范围不断向周围扩展,土地利用结构也随之变化,城市土地利用类型的改变在一定程度上影响着城市的生态调蓄能力正常发挥。海绵城市理念主张城市开发建设要尊重自然、保护自然,最大限度的维持场地开发前的水文循环特征,减小城市建设对自然生态的破坏,维持城市正常的生态调蓄能力,提高城市发展的可持续性。本文以郑州市为研究区域,分析1988年以来郑州市土地利用类型变化特征及其对城市调蓄能力的影响,发现郑州市城市海绵体面积不断减少,城市的自然调蓄能力也在下降。河流水系的变化能够从侧面体现郑州市土地利用类型的变化,且河流水系对调蓄能力影响的可采用几个指标进行量化,本文进一步分析了近年来郑州市河流水系的变化情况及其对调蓄能力的变化的影响,得出郑州市河流水系的变化降低了河流自然调蓄能力的结论。在此基础上,从提高郑州市城市可持续性、提升水系调蓄能力及不同土地利用性质低影响开发措施方面提出郑州市海绵城市建设的策略。文章的主体内容可以分为三部分。第一部分对海绵城市理念、本质及其建设途径,海绵城市与低影响开发,土地利用类型变化与海绵城市等进行阐述,并对国内外海绵城市建设理论研究和实践情况以及城市土地利用类型变化对水文过程和调蓄能力影响研究进行了综合论述。第二部分是郑州市土地利用类型和水系结构变化特征及其影响分析。通过遥感图像解译数据,建立了以不透水表面为主的土地利用分类体系,结果显示近年来郑州市城市不透水表面面积和比重逐年增加,植被覆盖表面先增加后减少,水体和其他类型土地一直处理减少状态;对土地利用程度进行分析发现,郑州市土地利用程度处于较高的水平,表明郑州市土地利用受到人类活动影响较大。对水系结构的分析主要通过河流长度、水域面积、河网密度、水面率、水系连接度等指标来反映,近年来郑州市河流水系还在持续消失,不利于城市水体对暴雨内涝的正常调蓄。第三部分郑州市海绵城市建设策略。本文从提高郑州市城市发展的可持续性、提升水系调蓄能力及不同土地利用性质低影响开发措施方面提出郑州市海绵城市建设的策略。首先要保护和修复郑州市现有生态海绵体、修复遭受破坏海绵体;营造新的海绵体;升级城市排水管网,构建高效排水系统;提升废污水处理率,提升中水利用比率等方面;接着从保护现有水系和生物多样性、增加郑州市水面率和河道蓄水空间、提高城市水体连通度构建城市水系网络等方面提出。最后分别从住宅和商业用地、城市道路和交通用地、城市绿地三种土地利用性质提出低影响开发措施。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban scope continues to expand to the surrounding, and the structure of land use also changes. To some extent, the change of urban land use type affects the ability of urban ecological regulation and storage to play a normal role. The concept of sponge city advocates that urban development and construction should respect nature, protect nature, maintain the hydrological cycle characteristics before site development to the maximum extent, reduce the damage to natural ecology caused by urban construction, and maintain the normal ecological storage capacity of the city. Enhancing the sustainability of urban development. Taking Zhengzhou as the research area, this paper analyzes the change characteristics of land use types in Zhengzhou since 1988 and its influence on the urban storage capacity. It is found that the area of urban sponge body in Zhengzhou city is decreasing and the natural storage capacity of the city is also decreasing. The change of river water system can reflect the change of land use type in Zhengzhou City, and the influence of river water system on storage capacity can be quantified by several indexes. This paper further analyzes the changes of river system and its influence on the storage capacity in Zhengzhou in recent years, and draws a conclusion that the change of river system in Zhengzhou reduces the natural storage capacity of the river. On the basis of this, the strategies for the construction of sponge city in Zhengzhou are put forward from the aspects of improving the urban sustainability, improving the capacity of water system regulation and low impact of different land use properties on the development of the sponge city in Zhengzhou. The main content of the article can be divided into three parts. The first part expounds the concept, essence and construction of sponge city, sponge city and low impact development, land use type change and sponge city, etc. The theoretical and practical situation of sponge city construction at home and abroad and the influence of urban land use type change on hydrological process and storage capacity are discussed. The second part is the analysis of the changes of land use type and water system structure in Zhengzhou. A land use classification system based on impermeable surface was established by interpreting the data from remote sensing images. The results showed that the area and proportion of impervious surface increased year by year and vegetation coverage increased first and then decreased in recent years. Water and other types of land have been treated to reduce the state, and the analysis of land use level found that the level of land use in Zhengzhou is in a higher level, indicating that Zhengzhou land use is greatly affected by human activities. The analysis of river system structure is mainly reflected by river length, water area, river network density, water surface rate, water system connectivity and so on. In recent years, the river system in Zhengzhou has been continuously disappearing. It is unfavorable to the normal regulation of urban water body to rainstorm waterlogging. The third part of Zhengzhou sponge city construction strategy. This paper puts forward the strategies for the construction of sponge city in Zhengzhou from the aspects of improving the sustainability of urban development, improving the capacity of water system regulation and low impact of different land use properties on the development of Zhengzhou City. First of all, we should protect and repair the existing ecological sponge in Zhengzhou, repair the damaged sponge; build a new sponge; upgrade the urban drainage network, build an efficient drainage system; enhance the waste water treatment rate, increase the utilization ratio of reclaimed water, and so on; Then it is put forward from the aspects of protecting the existing water system and biodiversity, increasing the water surface rate and water storage space of Zhengzhou City, and improving the connectivity of the city water body to construct the urban water system network. Finally, the low impact development measures are put forward from three kinds of land use properties: residential and commercial land, urban road and traffic land, and urban green space.
【学位授予单位】：河南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;TU992

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