论农民在农业科技推广过程中的科技意识引导

发布时间：2018-07-15 15:22

【摘要】：本研究基于对科技意识的理解,把农民科技意识的涵义阐述为:是广大农民朋友对科学技术认知观念、思想认识以及心理特点的总称,具体的表现在农民朋友对科技知识的储备情况、科学方法的掌握情况、科学价值观的领悟情况、科学精神认知情况这四个维度。科技意识比较强的农民,会高度评价科学技术的作用,要求掌握农业生产有关的科技知识的愿望强烈,对运用于农业生产的新知识、新技术、新方法会采取欢迎的态度,进而不断提高农业生产力。相反,科技意识比较薄弱的农民,则对科学技术的作用认识不充分,对掌握科学技术存在着被动甚至抵制的现象,对用于农业生产的新知识、新技术、新方法抱有怀疑、否定的态度,这都会阻碍农业科技在农村的广泛应用和整体农村生产力水平的提高。本文分析了提高农民科技意识对加速发展农业科技推广事业、全面建设社会主义新农村以及推进农业现代化进程的重要作用。并以安徽省金寨县麻埠镇农村进行农民科技意识的问卷调查为例,以小见大、以点为面,对当前我国农民科技意识的现状进行分析。调查结果表明,当前麻埠镇农村的农民对科技知识的了解不深,对科学方法的掌握不强,对科学价值观和科学精神也存在很多错误或片面的认识。造成农民科技意识薄弱的原因不仅是农民自身因素的影响,也包括社会环境外在因素的影响。从内因的角度来分析,是由于农民自身受到传统小农思想的禁锢、受教育程度不高以及消极心理因素的影响。从外因的角度来分析,是由于城乡二元结构导致农村劳动力大量转移;惠农政策执行力不足,农业科技基础设施落后;农业科技推广途径单一,缺乏有效的科技示范;农技人才培养机制尚不完善。最后本文针对影响农民科技意识的内外因素,从农民自身、国家政府、农业院校以及科研机构、市场这四个引导机制出发,提出了若干有利于提高农民科技意识的有效途径和建议。如注重提高农民的自我调节能力,消除消极心理的影响;重点培养青年农民的科技意识,发掘农业科技推广事业的带头人;健全各项政策、法规,发展完善农业科技推广的保障体系;加大农业财政扶持力度,加强农技相关基础设施建设;发挥农业院校、科研所的专业优势,培养农业科技人才队伍;建立农业科技专业服务平台,提高农业科技推广的示范力量;利用市场机制,激发农民参与农业科技推广事业的内在动力;以农业龙头企业为先导,带动农村发展产业化经营方式。
[Abstract]:Based on the understanding of the consciousness of science and technology, this study expounds the meaning of the awareness of science and technology of farmers as follows: it is a general term for the farmers' cognition of science and technology, their ideological understanding and their psychological characteristics. The concrete performance lies in the four dimensions of farmers' friends' reserve of scientific and technological knowledge, the grasp of scientific methods, the comprehension of scientific values, and the cognition of scientific spirit. Farmers with a strong sense of science and technology will highly value the role of science and technology, will have a strong desire to master scientific and technological knowledge related to agricultural production, and will adopt a welcoming attitude towards new knowledge, new technologies and new methods applied to agricultural production. And then continuously improve agricultural productivity. On the contrary, the peasants, who have relatively weak awareness of science and technology, are not fully aware of the role of science and technology, are passive or even resistant to mastering science and technology, and have doubts about new knowledge, new technologies and new methods used in agricultural production. Negative attitude, this will hinder the wide application of agricultural technology in rural areas and improve the overall level of rural productivity. This paper analyzes the important role of raising farmers' awareness of science and technology in accelerating the development of agricultural science and technology extension, building a new socialist countryside in an all-round way, and promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Taking the questionnaire survey of farmers' scientific and technological consciousness in the countryside of Mabu Town, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province as an example, this paper analyzes the present situation of farmers' scientific and technological consciousness in our country through a small part of the questionnaire survey and taking the point as the plane. The results of the investigation show that the farmers in the rural areas of Mabu Town do not have a deep understanding of science and technology knowledge, do not have a strong grasp of scientific methods, and have a lot of wrong or one-sided understanding of scientific values and scientific spirit. The reason why farmers' scientific and technological consciousness is weak is not only the influence of farmers' own factors, but also the external factors of social environment. From the angle of internal cause, the reason is that farmers themselves are confined by the traditional small farmers' thought, not highly educated and influenced by negative psychological factors. From the perspective of external causes, it is due to the dual structure of urban and rural areas leading to a large number of rural labor transfer; the lack of preferential agricultural policy implementation, agricultural science and technology infrastructure behind, agricultural science and technology extension of a single way, lack of effective scientific and technological demonstration; Agricultural technology personnel training mechanism is not perfect. Finally, aiming at the internal and external factors that affect farmers' scientific and technological consciousness, this paper starts from the four guiding mechanisms of farmers themselves, the state government, agricultural colleges and research institutions, and the market. Some effective ways and suggestions are put forward to improve farmers' awareness of science and technology. Such as improving farmers' self-regulation ability, eliminating negative psychological effects, training young farmers' scientific and technological awareness, and exploring leaders in agricultural science and technology extension; perfecting various policies, laws and regulations, To develop and perfect the guarantee system of agricultural science and technology popularization, to increase the financial support of agriculture, to strengthen the construction of agricultural technology related infrastructure, to give full play to the professional advantages of agricultural colleges and universities, and to train the contingent of agricultural science and technology talents; To establish a professional service platform for agricultural science and technology, to enhance the demonstration power of agricultural science and technology extension; to use the market mechanism to stimulate farmers to participate in the inherent motive force of agricultural science and technology extension; to take the leading agricultural enterprises as the guide, Drive rural development industrialization management mode.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

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