长三角经济区“三位一体”的高标准基本农田选址与建设研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 21:11

【摘要】：高标准基本农田建设是现阶段土地整治的主要目标和核心任务,对于全面实现耕地“数量、质量、生态”三位一体保护具有重要意义。现有的相关标准缺乏区域差异化指导,评价指标体系较少考虑生态景观要素,对整治模式和生态策略的研究相对较少。论文在明晰现阶段高标准基本农田建设存在的不足以及“数量-质量-生态”三位一体建设要求与实现途径基础上,采用ArcGIS空间分析、实地调查、冗余分析、TOPSIS、因素组合等方法,分析长三角经济区高标准基本农田实践现状,针对长三角区域特点,研究建设靶区遴选方法,整治区域划分、生态策略设计与建设后管护等,并以扬州市江都区作为实证研究,为推进区域高标准基本农田“三位一体”建设提供理论与实践依据。主要研究结论如下:(1)现阶段我国土地整治到了生态型综合整治阶段,此阶段对高标准基本农田建设提出了“数量管控、质量管理、生态管护”三位一体的新要求。但我国高标准基本农田“遴选-建设-管护”等方面存在建设标准不一,缺乏区域差异化指导、生态景观考虑不足等问题,这限制了“高标准”的实现。(2)长三角区域尺度土地整治影响因素主要为社会经济和政策因素,显著影响因素有9个(P(27)0.05),其中财政转移支付影响最大,与第一排序轴的相关系数高达0.861。自然生态因子的驱动较弱,说明土地整治立项选址较少考虑自然生态要素。从案例调研经验来看,区域高标准基本农田建设成功性取决于自然条件优越、规划明确、资金充足等,但也存在项目选址缺乏科学评估、工程实施缺乏生态设计、后期监管弱等限制性环节。(3)长三角区域高标准基本农田数量管控应严控建设指标,遴选建设靶区。靶区的遴选应强化自然禀赋、生态景观指标,兼顾质量与生态管理。根据评价结果,江都区高标准基本农田建设靶区共2878块,面积63575.71ha,依据相对贴近度大小排序,优先建设区(Ci30.74)、适宜建设区(0.45(27)Ci￡0.74)、储备建设区(0.16(27)Ci￡0.45)、不宜建设区(Ci(27)0.16)分别为16862.58ha、16313.12ha、20953.08ha、9446.96ha,结合2020年高标准基本农田建设任务量,遴选建设靶区共计59433.33ha。(4)长三角区域高标准基本农田质量管理应针对限制性因素分区建设,生态管护通过生态整治实现。根据限制因素组合和整治工程难易度分析,将江都区高标准基本农田建设划分为6个类型区:综合整治区、土壤培肥主导区、坡耕地治理主导区、灌排条件完善主导区、田间道路建设主导区、水质改善主导区,建设规模分别为17139.26ha、6274.68ha、4858.33ha、18973.69ha、7914.13ha、8415.60ha,灌排条件完善区和综合整治区面积最大,比例高达29.84%、26.96%。区域整治采取土壤有机培肥,生态沟渠,生态型田间道路建设,水质涵养,低碳管护等生态型整治策略。高标准基本农田建设还应做好建设后“三位一体”管护工作。
[Abstract]:The construction of high standard basic farmland is the main goal and core task of land regulation at the present stage. It is of great significance to realize the Trinity protection of cultivated land "quantity, quality and ecology" in an all-round way. The existing standards lack the guidance of regional differentiation, the evaluation index system less consider the ecological landscape elements, and the research on the remediation model and ecological strategy is relatively less. On the basis of clarifying the deficiency of high standard basic farmland construction at present and the requirement and realization way of "quantity, quality and ecology" trinity construction, this paper adopts ArcGIS spatial analysis, field investigation, redundancy analysis, TOPSISand factor combination, etc. According to the characteristics of Yangtze River Delta region, the selection method of construction target area, the division of regulation area, the design of ecological strategy and the management and protection after construction are analyzed. The Jiangdu District of Yangzhou City is taken as an empirical study. It provides theoretical and practical basis for promoting the construction of "trinity" of regional high standard basic farmland. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) at the present stage, land regulation in China has reached the stage of ecotype comprehensive regulation, which puts forward a new requirement of "quantity control, quality management, ecological management and protection" for the construction of high standard basic farmland. However, there are some problems in the aspects of "selection, construction, management and protection" of high standard basic farmland in China, such as lack of regional differentiation guidance, insufficient consideration of ecological landscape, etc. This limits the realization of "high standard". (2) the main influencing factors of land regulation in the Yangtze River Delta are social, economic and policy factors, and there are 9 significant factors (P (27) 0.05), among which fiscal transfer payment has the greatest influence. The correlation coefficient with the first sorting axis is as high as 0.861. The driving force of natural ecological factors is weak, which indicates that the natural ecological factors are less considered in the site selection of land regulation. From the case study experience, the success of regional high standard basic farmland construction depends on the superiority of natural conditions, clear planning, sufficient funds, etc., but there is also a lack of scientific evaluation of project location and lack of ecological design in project implementation. (3) the high standard basic farmland quantity control in the Yangtze River Delta region should strictly control the construction index and select the construction target area. The selection of target area should strengthen natural endowment, ecological landscape index, quality and ecological management. According to the evaluation results, the construction target area of high standard basic farmland in Jiangdu District is 2878 pieces, with an area of 63575.71ha. according to the relative closeness degree, The priority construction area (Ci30.74), the suitable construction area (0.45 (27) Ci0.74), the reserve construction area (0.16 (27) Ci0.45) and the unsuitable construction area (ci (27) 0.16) were 16862.58haf1 16313.12haf20953.08ha-9446.96 haa respectively. A total of 59433.33haa was selected and constructed. (4) the high standard basic farmland quality management in the Yangtze River Delta region should be aimed at the construction of restricted factors and ecological management and conservation should be realized through ecological regulation. According to the combination of restrictive factors and the analysis of the difficulty of the regulation project, the high standard basic farmland construction in Jiangdu area was divided into six types: comprehensive regulation area, soil fertility cultivation leading area, slope farmland management leading area, irrigation and drainage condition perfect leading area. The construction scale of the field road construction leading area and the water quality improvement leading area are 17139.26haan 6274.68haan 4858.33haan 18973.69han7914.13haan8415.60 ha. the irrigation and drainage condition perfect area and the comprehensive regulation area have the largest area, the proportion is as high as 29.84% 26.96%. Soil organic fertilizer, ecological ditch, ecological field road construction, water quality conservation, low carbon management and other ecological remediation strategies were adopted in regional regulation. High-standard basic farmland construction should also do a good job after the construction of the "Trinity" management and protection work.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

【参考文献】