涟水县农户收入水平与村委会选举参与度相关性分析

发布时间：2018-07-20 09:05

【摘要】：农村基层民主是社会主义政治文明建设的重要组成部分,经过多年不懈的努力,我国乡村民主水平不断提升,基本上形成了基层政府行政管理与基层民众自治相互衔接以及配合基层民主政治格局。村委会是村民自治组织,涉及村民公共利益的重大决策都由村委会来进行决定,村委会是村民民主决策的重要平台和依托。参与村委会选举是村民自治活动的重要内容,村民自治权限以及自治权实现程度很大程度上取决于村民参与村委会选举的权利是否实现及实现程度。这些年随着农村经济发展水平的不断提升,村民自主意识不断觉醒,参与村委会选举的热情也空前高涨,极大的提高了农村基层民主发展水平。然而与村民参与村委会选举意识不断增强相矛盾的是我国村委会选举本身存在一些问题,选举中各种不公平、不透明等问题降低了村民参与选举的意愿,尤其对于低收入村民更是认为选举是一种形式,因此在选举中处于被动地位,从而进一步导致低收入农户在选举中的边缘化,而其本身的诉求也常常被忽视,进而形成一种恶性循环。在此背景之下,本文以江苏省涟水县农户为研究对象,通过随机抽样调查农户,结合政治学、管理学、社会学等学科知识,根据民主建设相关理论,综合运用文献研究、案例研究、调查研究、实证研究等方法,基于"研究假设、研究验证、研究结论"的写作逻辑,在构建计量模型的基础上,探讨农户收入对农户参与村民选举意愿的影响,重点探讨影响中低收入农户参与村委会选举的主要因素,提出提高基层农户选举参与率、构建基层民主制度的意见和建议,明确涟水县未来基层民主建设的重心以及方向。论文由六部分组成。第一章为研究目的和意义、国内外研究动态、研究内容和方法、技术路线等,引出了要研究的课题,明确了研究的重要性,梳理了国内外的研究现状,并对文章写作中用到的研究方法进行了概括,勾勒出文章的基本写作路线;第二章为我国基层民主建设发展回顾,重点分析了经济发展与民主建设的理论进程,探讨了民主发展历程的经济背景,第三章为涟水县经济发展水平空间差异分析,以乡镇为单位,探讨了涟水县经济发展的不平衡性,为民主建设空间差异分析奠定基础;第四章基于该县经济发展水平现状、农民收入结构、村委会选举现状、城乡居民收入差距、农村民主法制建设与经济发展水平探讨经济发展差异对基层民主建设的影响;第五章基于问卷调查,在构建计量模型的基础上从收入来源、收入高低、农民区域以及身份差异探讨了涟水县农户家庭收入对基层民主参与意愿的影响;第六章探讨了该地区未来农村基层民主建设的方向。通过分析,本研究的主要结论有:(1)与全国其他区域一致,涟水县农户基层民主选举参与意愿与收入水平正相关,经济发展水平较好的涟城镇、高沟镇、朱码镇等镇的基层民主发展水平也较好;(2)农户收入水平是影响基层民主参与意愿的主要因素,人均年收入2万元以上的农户选举参与率明显增加,而人均年收入在5000元以下的农户基本上不愿意参与选举,这些农户的诉求没有机会表达,而对选举的拒绝与低参与度进一步导致了边缘化程度,未来发展陷于恶性循环中;(3)农户收入来源影响着民主选举的参与意愿。调查显示,非农收入越高的农户,其视野越广阔,更关注自身价值与发展,对民主的诉求更高;当非农收入达到75%以上时,农户不仅仅热衷于参与选举,而且本身期望作为候选人,此类农户对于管理基层民主有着很高热情;(4)从基层民主建设满意度调查结果看,城郊农村村民、外出务工人员、非农收入比重高的人员对民主建设满意度较低,有较强的改变基层民主的意愿,尤其是新生代劳动力对于个体意识以及社区发展都有着更强的责任感。基于此,本研究认为,涟水县农村基层民主未来发展中应充分发挥新生代劳动力的愿意,在发展非农产业的基础上促进基层民主建设,尤其是优化选举流程、加大宣传力度,从而有效实现基层民主。
[Abstract]:Democracy at the grass-roots level in rural areas is an important part of the construction of socialist political civilization. After years of unremitting efforts, the level of democracy in rural areas in China has been continuously improved. Basically, the grass-roots government administration and the grass-roots level of people's autonomy are joined together as well as the grass-roots democratic political structure. Village committees are villagers' autonomous organizations, involving villagers' public organizations. The important decision of the interests is decided by the village committee. The village committee is an important platform and support for the villagers' democratic decision-making. The election of the village committee is an important part of the villagers' autonomous activities. The autonomy of the villagers and the degree of the realization of the autonomy of the villagers depend on the realization and Realization of the villagers' right to participate in the election of the village committee. With the increasing level of rural economic development in these years, the villagers' consciousness of autonomy is constantly awakening and the enthusiasm for participating in the election of villagers committees has been unprecedentedly high, which has greatly improved the level of democratic development in rural grass-roots. However, there are some problems in the election of villagers' committees in China. The problems of unfair and opaque lifting in the lifting of the villagers' willingness to participate in the election, especially for the low income villagers, are considered as a form of election, so they are in a passive position in the election, which further leads to the marginalization of the low-income farmers in the election, and their demands are often ignored, forming a kind of evil. In this context, in this context, this paper takes farmers in Lianshui County of Jiangsu Province as the research object, through random sampling survey of farmers, combined with the knowledge of political science, management, sociology and other disciplines, according to the relevant theories of democratic construction, comprehensive use of literature research, case study, investigation, empirical research and other methods, based on "research hypothesis, research and verification," On the basis of constructing the econometric model, the paper discusses the influence of farmers' income on the willingness of farmers to participate in the election of villagers, and focuses on the main factors affecting the participation of the middle and low income farmers in the election of villagers committees, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions to improve the participation rate of the grass-roots farmers' election and build a grass-roots democratic system, and make clear that Lianshui county has not been able to do so. The paper is composed of six parts: the first chapter is the purpose and significance of the research, the research trends at home and abroad, the research content and methods, the technical route, etc., which leads to the subject of research, clarifies the importance of the research, combs the research status at home and abroad, and advances the research methods used in the article writing. The basic line of writing is outlined. The second chapter reviews the development of democratic construction at the grass-roots level in China, focuses on the theoretical process of economic development and democratic construction, discusses the economic background of the course of democratic development, and the third chapter is the analysis of the spatial difference of the economic development level in Lianshui County, and discusses the Lianshui County by the township as a unit. The imbalance of economic development lays the foundation for the analysis of the spatial difference of democracy construction. The fourth chapter is based on the status of economic development in the county, the income structure of farmers, the status of the election of village committees, the income gap between urban and rural residents, the influence of the economic development differences on the democratic construction of the grass-roots level, and the fifth chapter based on the influence of the rural democratic legal system construction and economic development level. On the basis of the questionnaire survey, the influence of household income on the willingness of grass-roots democratic participation in Lianshui county is discussed from the sources of income, income, area and identity, and the sixth chapter discusses the direction of democratic construction in the rural grass-roots level in the future. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) and the whole country In other regions, the willingness to participate in democratic elections in Lianshui county is positively related to the income level, and the level of democratic development at the grass-roots level in towns such as the town of Gao Gou and Zhu code is better. (2) the income level of farmers is the main factor affecting the grass-roots democratic participation, and the farmers' annual income of more than 20 thousand yuan per capita is selected. The participation rate has increased obviously, while the farmers whose per capita annual income is below 5000 yuan are basically unwilling to participate in the election, and the demands of these farmers have no opportunity to express, but the rejection and low participation of the elections further lead to the degree of marginalization, and the future development is in a vicious circle; (3) the origin of farmers' income affects the participation of democratic elections. The survey shows that the higher the income of non-agricultural income, the larger the farmer's income, the wider its vision, more attention to its own value and development, and higher demand for democracy. When the non-agricultural income reaches more than 75%, the farmers are not only keen to participate in the election, but also expect to be candidates, such farmers have a high enthusiasm for the management of democracy at the grass-roots level; (4) from grass-roots democracy. The results of the construction satisfaction survey show that the rural villagers, migrant workers, the high proportion of non farm income people have lower satisfaction on democratic construction, and have a strong willingness to change grassroots democracy. In particular, the new generation labor force has a stronger sense of responsibility for the individual consciousness and community development. Based on this, this study thinks that the farmers in Lianshui county have a strong sense of responsibility. In the future development of grass-roots democracy in the village, we should give full play to the willingness of the new generation of labor force, promote the democratic construction on the basis of the non agricultural industry, especially optimize the electoral process, and increase the publicity so as to effectively realize the democracy at the grass-roots level.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D422.6;F323.8

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