中国粮食生产化肥施用效率分析——基于随机前沿生产函数

发布时间：2018-07-28 10:33

【摘要】：我国约有13.8亿人口,确保粮食安全已成为我国重要的政策之一。化肥施用对增加粮食产量发挥了不可替代的作用,但却造成了严重的面源污染。2015年农业部提出《化肥零增长行动方案》,该政策是否会影响中国的粮食安全?采用CD随机前沿生产函数(SFA),对农业生产效率和化肥投入的单一要素技术效率进行估计。结果表明:我国农业生产中存在无效率,平均生产效率为0.894,化肥投入的技术效率低于生产效率,只有0.603,说明我国在化肥施用方面还存在很大的节约空间。通过合理施用化肥、提高化肥施用技术,可在保障粮食安全的前提下达到减少化肥用量的目的,实现粮食生产的可持续发展。探求合理利用化肥施用技术和方法将是下一步研究的重点问题。
[Abstract]:There are about 1.38 billion people in our country, ensuring food security has become one of the important policies in our country. Fertilizer application has played an irreplaceable role in increasing grain production, but has caused serious non-point source pollution. In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture put forward the "Zero growth Action Plan for Fertilizer". Will this policy affect China's food security? CD random frontier production function (SFA),) was used to estimate the agricultural production efficiency and the technical efficiency of single factor of chemical fertilizer input. The results showed that there was no efficiency in agricultural production in China, and the average production efficiency was 0.894.The technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer input was lower than that of production efficiency, only 0.603, which indicated that there was still great room for saving in the application of chemical fertilizer in China. The rational application of chemical fertilizer and the improvement of chemical fertilizer application technology can achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and realizing the sustainable development of grain production on the premise of ensuring food security. It will be a key issue in the next step to explore the rational use of fertilizer application techniques and methods.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：中央高校“基本科研业务费专项”资金资助(编号:TD2012-10)
【分类号】：S143;F326.11

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