农民合作社：创业资源来源及获取策略研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 09:27

【摘要】：中国农民专业合作社在创立和发展时,既扮演着将合作社的产品推向市场的“理性经济人”角色,又扮演着让利于农民、及时响应农民社员生产需求的“公益人”角色。它肩负对内服务农民社员生产和对外争取市场地位的双重任务。因此,研究农民合作社如何成功创业对合作社是否能够继续服务农户具有重要的现实意义。从创业实践上讲,创业资源对创业的相当于“粮草”对“兵马”,创业资源的获取是创业过程的开端,创业资源获取对能否成功创业具有重要的意义。从对理论的贡献上讲,中国农民合作社是对我国创业活动独特因素的考察,对农民合作社创业资源的研究需要立足农村社会现实和制度环境,展开探索性和描述性分析。本研究主要包括三部分内容。第一部分系统梳理了创业资源、合作社创业资源及组织合法性三方面的文献。文献研究发现农民合作社创业资源的研究较少,已有的研究围绕合作社创业资源的内容展开,少有对创业资源来源的分析。第二部分我们对创业资源来源进行了探索性案例分析,我们的研究发现农民合作社创业资源的阶段性变化特点,创业期划分为两个阶段,一是筹备阶段,二是初创阶段,两个阶段创业资源的来源和有差别。在以往的研究的基础上,我们把创业资源划分为物质资源、组织资源和人力资源,探索出不同阶段,创业资源的来源。探索性案例研究发现,在创业的筹备阶段,三类资源主要来源于合作社内部成员,这是因为农民合作社是制度催生而非市场催生的产物,在筹备阶段,依靠制度获取资源更容易;在创业的初创阶段,物质资源和组织资源主要来源于银行和政府等合作社外部,这是因为合作社寻求长期发展,就必须在市场上盈利,实现帮扶社员增收,实践服务农户的立社之本。技术人员进入到合作社中,丰富了合作社的人力资源,但不构成合作社人力资源的主力。第三部分我们通过搭建组织合法性——组织合法性获取策略的二维分析架构,以描述性案例分析的方法,分析了农民合作社组织合法性的获得策略,我们发现组织合法性对初创农民合作社资源获取过程具有正向作用。本研究从理论和实践两个角度具有一定的启发性。理论启示是过程化视角的创业研究对揭示组织合法性和创业基本命题之间的关系提供扎实的基础。实践启示是以鼓励合作组织发展为目的的前提下,政府对农民合作社的成立,应倾向于“扶持”而非“观望”,且鼓励应当以“鼓励合作社自强”为主要内容。
[Abstract]:When Chinese farmers' specialized cooperatives were founded and developed, they not only played the role of "rational economic man" to push the cooperative's products to the market, but also played the role of "public interest" in giving way to farmers and responding to the production needs of farmers' members in a timely manner. It shoulders the dual task of serving peasant members' production and striving for market status. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study how farmers' cooperatives succeed in starting their own businesses. In terms of entrepreneurial practice, entrepreneurial resources are equivalent to "grain and grass" to "soldiers". The acquisition of entrepreneurial resources is the beginning of the entrepreneurial process, and the acquisition of entrepreneurial resources is of great significance to the success of entrepreneurship. From the point of view of the contribution to the theory, the Chinese farmers' cooperative is an investigation of the unique factors of our country's entrepreneurial activities. The research on the entrepreneurial resources of the farmers' cooperatives should be based on the rural social reality and institutional environment, and carry out exploratory and descriptive analysis. This research mainly includes three parts. The first part systematically combs the literature of entrepreneurial resources, cooperative entrepreneurial resources and organizational legitimacy. The literature research found that there are few researches on the entrepreneurial resources of farmers' cooperatives, and the existing researches focus on the contents of the entrepreneurial resources of cooperatives, and there is little analysis on the sources of entrepreneurial resources. In the second part, we make an exploratory case study on the source of entrepreneurial resources. Our research finds that the stage of entrepreneurial resources of farmers' cooperatives is characterized by two stages, one is the preparatory stage, the other is the initial stage, and the entrepreneurial period is divided into two stages, one is the preparatory stage, the other is the initial stage. There are differences in the sources and differences between the two stages of entrepreneurial resources. On the basis of previous studies, we divide entrepreneurial resources into material resources, organizational resources and human resources, and explore the sources of entrepreneurial resources at different stages. The exploratory case study found that in the preparatory stage of entrepreneurship, the three types of resources mainly come from the members of cooperatives, which is because farmers' cooperatives are the product of institutional rather than market, in the preparatory stage. Institutional access to resources is easier; in the start-up phase, material and organizational resources come mainly from outside cooperatives, such as banks and governments, because cooperatives seek long-term development and must profit in the market. To achieve increased income of support members, the practice of farmers to serve the foundation of the society. The entry of technicians into the cooperative enriches the cooperative's human resources, but does not constitute the main force of the cooperative's human resources. In the third part, we analyze the strategies of obtaining organizational legitimacy of farmers' cooperatives by setting up a two-dimensional analysis framework of organizational legitimacy-the acquisition strategy of organizational legitimacy, with the method of descriptive case analysis. We find that organizational legitimacy plays a positive role in the process of obtaining resources of farmers' cooperatives. This study is enlightening from both theory and practice. Theoretical revelation is a solid foundation for revealing the relationship between organizational legitimacy and the basic proposition of entrepreneurship from the perspective of process. Under the premise of encouraging the development of cooperative organizations, the government should tend to "support" farmers' cooperatives rather than "wait and see", and encourage them to strengthen themselves.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.42

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