金融创新支持新型农业经营主体发展研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 11:30

【摘要】：随着我国农业经济的不断发展,以种养大户、农民专业合作社、家庭农场和农业产业化龙头企业为代表的新型农业经营主体日益显示出巨大的生机与活力,并已成为我国现代农业发展的主力军。但是由于新型农业经营主体自身规模小、缺乏有效担保抵押物、经营效益欠佳、运行不够规范、抗风险能力较弱,以及受到农业产业弱质性和自然灾害所带来的高风险性影响,大多数新型农业经营主体在发展过程中还面临着诸多问题和挑战,尤其是融资难、风险分散和补偿机制不健全这两个问题长期得不到有效解决,已经成为制约新型农业经营主体可持续发展的瓶颈。而金融创新可为金融体系带来新的动力和活力,它可不断为经济发展带来积极效应。因此,探究如何利用金融创新来破解新型农业经营主体融资困难和风险管理这两大难题就显得尤为必要和现实。一般来说,导致新型农业经营主体融资难的原因是多方面的,本文主要利用数理模型进行推导,认为抵押担保物不足、银行交费易用高和银行机会成本大是融资难的理论原因。同时,利用官方数据和调研结果分析得出融资难的现实原因：第一,新型农业经营主体自身存在内部管理不规范、资金回收期长且效益偏低、对银行贷款具有自我排斥思想等缺陷；第二,从金融机构角度来看,信贷资金结构错位、农村地区金融机构服务单一化、农业保险发展滞后且担保机构担保功能不足都会约束信贷合约的达成；第三,从政府角度而言,土地承包经营权抵押困难和政府政策支持不足对新型农业经营主体融资造成障碍。此外,新型农业经营主体在生产经营中还面临自然灾害风险、市场风险、社会风险和技术风险,为了保证经营效益,它们通常会采取一些避险措施,但由于新型农业经营主体普遍存在风险意识薄弱、风险管理手段有限和内部管理人才匮乏等问题,导致新型农业经营主体的风险管理能力不强、效果不佳。基于上述,应多措并举加大金融创新力度来有效地支持新型农业经营主体发展：第一,要加大金融产品和服务创新,包括不断探索信贷产品、开发多样化险种和创新担保模式,增加融资和风险管理的工具和手段；第二,加快农业保险体系建设,完善农村信用担保体系,加大政府主导的外部风险补偿力度,建立健全新型农业经营主体风险管理机制；第三,加强金融机构同业合作,促使它们发挥比较优势,拓宽新型农业经营主体的融资渠道。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of agricultural economy in China, the new agricultural management subjects, represented by large farmers, farmers' specialized cooperatives, family farms and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, have increasingly shown great vitality and vitality. And has become the main force in the development of modern agriculture in China. However, due to the small scale of the new agricultural main body, the lack of effective collateral, the poor benefit of the operation, the lack of standard operation, the weak ability to resist risks, and the high risk caused by the weakness of the agricultural industry and natural disasters. In the process of development, most of the new agricultural management subjects still face many problems and challenges, especially the difficulty of financing, the dispersion of risks and the unsound compensation mechanism, which can not be effectively solved for a long time. It has become the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the new agricultural management subject. Financial innovation can bring new impetus and vitality to financial system, and it can bring positive effect to economic development. Therefore, it is necessary and realistic to explore how to use financial innovation to solve the financing difficulties and risk management of new agricultural operators. Generally speaking, there are many reasons leading to the difficulty of financing the new agricultural management body. This paper mainly uses mathematical model to deduce that the theoretical reasons for the difficulty in financing are the shortage of mortgage collateral, the easy use of bank fees and the large opportunity cost of banks. At the same time, using official data and research results to analyze the actual reasons for financing difficulties: first, the main body of new agricultural management has its own non-standard internal management, the recovery period of funds is long and the benefit is low. Second, from the perspective of financial institutions, the structure of credit funds is misplaced, and the services of financial institutions in rural areas are single. The lagging development of agricultural insurance and the insufficient guarantee function of guarantee agencies will constrain the conclusion of credit contracts; third, from the government's point of view, The difficulty of mortgage of land contract management right and the lack of government policy support are obstacles to the financing of new agricultural management subjects. In addition, the main bodies of new agricultural operations also face natural disaster risks, market risks, social risks and technical risks in their production and operation. In order to ensure operational efficiency, they usually take some measures to avoid risks. However, the risk management ability of the new agricultural management main body is not strong and the effect is not good because of the weakness of risk consciousness, the limited risk management means and the lack of internal management personnel. Based on the above, more efforts should be taken to increase financial innovation in order to effectively support the development of new types of agricultural operators: first, we should increase innovation in financial products and services, including continuous exploration of credit products, development of diversified insurance types and innovative guarantee models, Second, accelerate the construction of agricultural insurance system, perfect the rural credit guarantee system, strengthen the external risk compensation led by the government, and establish and perfect the risk management mechanism of the new agricultural management body. Third, strengthen the interbank cooperation of financial institutions, urge them to give play to their comparative advantages and broaden the financing channels of new agricultural operators.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.43;F324

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