中国第一代农民工养老困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 08:47

【摘要】：第一代农民工,是中国经济社会转型时期孕育的一个新兴劳动群体。1978年后,大量的农民从农村转移到城市,他们为中国工业的发展、城市的建设和农村的繁荣做出了巨大的贡献。同时也带来了一系列的问题。如今,改革开放已37年,第一代农民工逐渐到达退休年龄,他们的养老面临着诸多的问题。由于户籍制度障碍,第一代农民工一直被排除在城市养老保障体系之外,无法享受市民待遇。土地养老和家庭养老保障功能的弱化,使第一代农民工养老问题日益凸显。假如第一代农民工退休后生活没有依靠,必将影响大多数农村居民的生活,甚至影响经济社会生活的稳定。本文一共分为五部分,对中国第一代农民工养老困境及对策进行探究。第一部分是导论。在导论部分,首先说明了研究我国第一代农民工养老题的背景和意义,指出了选题所具有的理论价值和实践价值。然后,分析了国内外研究的现状,了解了国内外研究的动态。其次,阐述了本文的研究思路和方法,本文主要是运用经济理论进行分析,采用逻辑和历史相统一的方法,具有实践性和科学性。最后,指出了本文的特色之处和不足。第二部分是基本理论和相关概念,主要介绍了劳动力商品理论、马克思的劳动力再生产理论和农民工养老保险理论,同时对农民工、第一代农民工的概念进行界定,并对第一代农民工的形成、特征进行分析。关于第一代农民工的形成,主要从经济和政策两个方面进行阐述。第一代农民工与新生代农民工有很多差异,本文主要从受教育程度、外出打工目的、自我权益保障意识、身份认同这四个方面分析第一代农民工的个体特征。第三部分介绍一代农民工的养老现状,主要从退回农村、融入城市这两个环节进行剖析。并附典型案例,指出当前第一代农民工面临养老困境。第四部分对第一代农民工养老困境产生的原因进行分析,主要从理论原因和现实原因进行概括。理论原因又从农民工半无产阶级化、劳动力价格低于价值、劳动力再生产中的国家缺位三个方面进行探究。现实原因则归结为工资水平低、劳动力市场供给过剩、第一代农民工主要从事的建筑行业存在超经济剥削、参加社会保障的比例低、土地养老和家庭养老保障功能的弱化。第五部分主要针对第一代农民工养老困境产生的原因,提出了相应的对策建议。缓解第一代农民工养老困境,要以国家为主导,企业和第一代农民工为核心。完善国家相关职能,规范企业用工,引导第一代农民工合理使用转移收入。
[Abstract]:The first generation of migrant workers is a new labor group born during the period of China's economic and social transformation. After 1978, a large number of farmers moved from rural to urban areas, and they were the development of Chinese industry. Urban construction and rural prosperity have made great contributions. At the same time, it also brings a series of problems. Now, 37 years after the reform and opening up, the first generation of migrant workers gradually reach retirement age, their pension faces many problems. Because of the obstacles of household registration system, the first generation of migrant workers have been excluded from the urban old-age security system, unable to enjoy the treatment of citizens. The weakening of the function of land pension and family pension security makes the pension problem of the first generation of migrant workers increasingly prominent. If the first generation of migrant workers retired without life, will affect the majority of rural residents' life, and even affect the stability of economic and social life. This paper is divided into five parts to explore the dilemma and countermeasures of the first generation of migrant workers in China. The first part is an introduction. In the introduction part, it first explains the background and significance of the study on the pension problem of the first generation of migrant workers in China, and points out the theoretical and practical value of the topic. Then, the current situation of domestic and foreign research is analyzed, and the trends of domestic and foreign research are understood. Secondly, this paper expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper, this paper mainly uses the economic theory to analyze, uses the logic and the history unifies the method, has the practicality and the scientific nature. Finally, the characteristics and shortcomings of this paper are pointed out. The second part is the basic theory and related concepts, mainly introduces the labor commodity theory, Marx's theory of labor force reproduction and migrant workers pension insurance theory, at the same time, defines the concept of migrant workers, the first generation of migrant workers. And the formation of the first generation of migrant workers, characteristics of analysis. The formation of the first-generation migrant workers, mainly from the economic and policy two aspects. There are many differences between the first generation of migrant workers and the new generation of migrant workers. This paper mainly analyzes the individual characteristics of the first generation of migrant workers from four aspects: the education level, the purpose of working outside the home, the sense of self-protection of rights and interests, and the identity of the first generation of migrant workers. The third part introduces the current situation of the rural migrant workers, mainly from the return of rural areas, into the city of these two links to analyze. With typical cases, this paper points out that the first generation of migrant workers are facing pension difficulties. The fourth part analyzes the causes of the pension dilemma of the first generation of migrant workers, mainly from the theoretical and practical reasons. The theoretical reasons are analyzed from three aspects: the semi-proletariat of peasant workers, the lower labor price than the value, and the absence of the state in the reproduction of labor force. The practical reasons are low wage level, oversupply of labor market, super-economic exploitation in the construction industry, low participation in social security, weakening of the function of land old-age and family old-age security. The fifth part mainly aims at the first generation peasant worker pension predicament causes, proposed the corresponding countermeasure suggestion. To alleviate the pension dilemma of the first generation of migrant workers, we should take the state as the leading factor and enterprises and the first generation of migrant workers as the core. Improve the relevant functions of the state, standardize the employment of enterprises, and guide the first generation of migrant workers to make rational use of transferred income.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.89

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