沈阳市奶牛养殖业发展现状、问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 08:50

【摘要】：奶牛养殖业现如今已经成为我国国民经济的重要产业之一。奶牛业的持续健康发展,对改善农牧民的收入,加快农村产业结构调整发挥着重要作用。沈阳市作为辽宁省牛奶的主产地,其奶业的发展对辽宁省奶业的发展有着重要的意义。本文通过走访问卷调研的方式收集相关数据,再结合近些年的历史资料,分析得出沈阳市奶牛业发展的现状及制约其发展的相关因素,进而提出解决对策。目前,沈阳市奶牛存栏数为15.4万头,年产奶量为50.8万吨,人均牛奶占有量60.1千克。全市超过7成的奶牛都集中在法库、新民、沈北三个地区,通过对这三个地区的三种不同奶牛养殖模式(散户养殖、养殖小区、规模化牧场)的对比分析。研究得出沈阳市奶牛业发展过程中存在的问题：(1)良种奶牛数量不足,乳业发展不均衡；(2)优质饲草不足,饲料搭配不合理； (3)饲料成本增加,弃养现象严重；(4)奶牛疾病防治体系落后,疾病治疗成本高；(5)生奶价格偏低,养殖奶牛热情下降；(6)产业链条利益分配不合理；(7)产品质量监管不力,牛奶定价标准未与国际接轨；(8)倒奶补偿机制不完善,奶农效益无保证；(9)收散奶现象依然存在,洋品牌的冲击影响巨大；(10)养殖户自身存在的问题。并针对以上问题,提出解决对策：(1)加强育种工作,提高奶农饲养水平；(2)完善相关政策,加强奶牛疾病的防疫工作；(3)改善粗饲料品质；(4)规范牛奶收购价格及管理；(5)加大乳品安全及市场的监管力度；(6)加强对龙头企业的推广宣传力度
[Abstract]:Dairy cattle farming industry has become one of the important industries of our national economy. The sustainable and healthy development of dairy industry plays an important role in improving the income of farmers and herdsmen and accelerating the adjustment of rural industrial structure. As the main producing area of milk in Liaoning Province, the development of Shenyang's dairy industry is of great significance to the development of Liaoning's milk industry. This paper collects the relevant data through the way of questionnaire investigation and combines with the historical data in recent years to analyze the present situation of the development of dairy cattle industry in Shenyang and the relevant factors that restrict the development of dairy cattle industry in Shenyang and then put forward the countermeasures to solve the problem. At present, the number of dairy cows in Shenyang is 154000, the annual milk production is 508000 tons, and the per capita milk possession is 60.1 kg. More than 70% of the cows in the whole city are concentrated in Faku, Xinmin and Shenbei. Through the comparative analysis of three different dairy breeding modes (individual farming, farming community, large-scale pasture) in these three areas. The problems existed in the development of dairy cattle industry in Shenyang were obtained as follows: (1) the number of improved dairy cows was insufficient and the development of dairy industry was not balanced; (2) the quality of forage was insufficient and the feed collocation was unreasonable; (3) the cost of feed increased and the phenomenon of abandonment was serious. (4) the disease prevention and treatment system of dairy cattle is backward and the cost of disease treatment is high; (5) the price of raw milk is on the low side, and the enthusiasm of raising dairy cows is decreased; (6) the distribution of benefits in the industrial chain is unreasonable; (7) the product quality supervision is weak and the price standard of milk is not in line with the international standard. (8) the compensation mechanism of feeding milk is not perfect, and the benefit of dairy farmers is not guaranteed; (9) the phenomenon of collecting and dispersing milk still exists, and the impact of foreign brands is great; (10) the problems of farmers themselves. In view of the above problems, some countermeasures are put forward: (1) to strengthen breeding work and raise the raising level of dairy farmers; (2) to perfect the relevant policies to strengthen the prevention of dairy cow disease; (3) to improve the quality of crude feed; (4) to standardize the purchase price and management of milk; (5) strengthen dairy safety and market supervision; (6) strengthen the promotion and publicity of leading enterprises
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.3

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