吉林省农业机械化保护性耕作技术推广研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 20:28

【摘要】：我国有着几千年的传统农耕历史,长久以来农业生产多数依靠的是传统农业耕作技术。随着现代化机械和化肥的出现,传统的农业生产技术融入了现代化痕迹,所带来的却是土壤微观结构的破坏,很多土地的原有有机质已经消耗殆尽,这样的情况给我国的农业持续化发展带来了严重的影响。针对这一现状,我国在各地开展了农业生产技术改革以及新技术推广工作,通过推行保护性耕作技术来改善我国土地耕作模式,借助新技术推动农业生产的持续化。作为全国粮食生产的大省,吉林省有着资源优势,但是在过度开发以及不合理耕作技术的影响下,吉林省的“黑土”已经逐步退化,原有的肥沃的黑土已经不复存在,因此在国家提出推广保护性耕作技术的倡议和推广政策后,吉林省也在此方面重点开展了推广和扶持工作,经过不断的技术优化和示范区建设,目前全省范围内的推广工作已经初具规模。经过十余年的努力,全省范围内已经建立数百个示范区,并在保护性耕作技术的研究和推广方面取得了较好的成绩,在全省范围内推行保护性耕作技术的示范区中都取得了明显的经济效益、社会效益、环境效益,在实际的推广中,新技术和新模式带来的影响是巨大的。虽然在保护性耕作技术的推广中吉林省取得了一定的效果,但是毕竟新技术对农业生产状态、农民的思想意识、农业经营模式等都产生了较大的影响,因此在推行过程中也不断有新问题涌现。本次研究的重点内容就是针对现有的推广状况进行分析,对吉林省推广保护性耕作技术的成绩进行总结,对新技术在推行过程中取得的效果进行验证,致力解决农业生产持续发展的问题。同时也梳理了在新技术推广过程中遇到的问题,毕竟新技术研发、推广必须经历一个适应的过程,在这个过程中技术创新、技术试验、政府扶持、政府政策、推广措施、意识改变等方面都存在一定的问题,本次研究就针对相关问题进行梳理,梳理结果显示在技术适应性、政策适应性以及农民认识上仍然存在问题,这些问题也影响了今后的技术推广。针对问题,本次研究首先从效益评价入手,以榆树市的保护性耕作技术实施情况为例,分析其在经济、社会、生态三个方面所具备的突出效益价值,说明保护性耕作技术对于农业生产有着突出的价值。随后,对推行中影响政策实施的要素进行了分析,包括了政策因素和农民因素,借助调查问卷的方式,统计分析了农民行为习惯对新技术推广的影响,发现关键要素为后期推广措施改进提供帮助。最后,针对吉林省保护性耕作技术的推广经验和问题,提出了对应的实施对策和建议,主要明确政府层面、农民层面、市场层面的相关措施强化,为进一步推动保护性耕作技术在吉林省的实施提供帮助。
[Abstract]:China has a history of thousands of years of traditional farming. For a long time, agricultural production mostly depends on traditional farming techniques. With the emergence of modern machinery and chemical fertilizers, the traditional agricultural production technology has been incorporated into the traces of modernization, which has brought about the destruction of the microstructure of the soil, and the original organic matter of many lands has been exhausted. This situation has brought serious impact to the sustainable development of agriculture in our country. In view of this situation, our country has carried out the agricultural production technical reform and the new technology popularization work in various places, through the promotion conservation tillage technology to improve our country land tillage pattern, uses the new technology to promote the agricultural production to be sustainable. As a large province of national grain production, Jilin Province has the advantage of resources, but under the influence of excessive exploitation and unreasonable tillage technology, the "black soil" of Jilin Province has gradually degraded, and the original fertile black soil has ceased to exist. Therefore, after the country put forward the initiative and policy of popularizing conservation tillage technology, Jilin Province also focused on promoting and supporting the work in this respect. After continuous technological optimization and demonstration area construction, At present, the province-wide promotion work has begun to take shape. After more than a decade of efforts, hundreds of demonstration zones have been established throughout the province, and good results have been achieved in the research and extension of conservation tillage techniques. Significant economic, social and environmental benefits have been obtained in the demonstration areas where conservation tillage technology is carried out throughout the province. In the practical application, the influence of new technology and new model is enormous. Although Jilin Province has achieved certain results in the promotion of conservation tillage technology, after all, the new technology has had a great impact on the state of agricultural production, farmers' ideology, agricultural management patterns, and so on. Therefore, in the process of implementation, there are constantly emerging new problems. The key content of this study is to analyze the current situation of popularization, summarize the achievements of the popularization of conservation tillage technology in Jilin Province, and verify the effect of the new technology in the process of implementation. We are committed to solving the problem of sustainable development of agricultural production. At the same time, it also combs the problems encountered in the process of new technology popularization. After all, new technology research and development and promotion must go through a process of adaptation. In this process, technological innovation, technological experimentation, government support, government policies, promotion measures, There are some problems in consciousness change and so on. This study combs the related problems, and the results show that there are still problems in technology adaptability, policy adaptability and farmers' understanding. These problems also affect the future promotion of technology. Aiming at the problems, this study starts with benefit evaluation, taking the implementation of conservation tillage technology in Yushu City as an example, analyzes its outstanding benefit value in three aspects: economy, society and ecology. It shows that conservation tillage technology has outstanding value in agricultural production. Then, the factors that affect the implementation of the policy are analyzed, including the policy factors and farmers' factors. By means of questionnaire, the influence of farmers' behavior habits on the extension of new technology is analyzed statistically. The key elements are found to be helpful for the improvement of the later extension measures. Finally, in view of Jilin Province conservation tillage technology popularization experience and the question, proposed the corresponding implementation countermeasure and the suggestion, mainly defined the government level, the farmer level, the market level correlation measure enhancement, In order to further promote the implementation of conservation tillage technology in Jilin Province.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.3

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