不同供应链模式下的农民专业合作社运行机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 13:19

【摘要】：近年来,我国农民专业合作社得到蓬勃发展。农民专业合作社根据自身的经济基础、经营状况、政府支持力度、合作伙伴等多个因素,可以选择参加不同结构的供应链。在不同结构的供应链中,农民专业合作社的运行机制表现出较大的差异性。论文通过考察现实中的三类典型农产品供应链(单渠道、双渠道和多渠道),尝试探究影响农民专业合作社运作效率的因素。首先,在超市主导的单渠道农产品供应链中,结合农民专业合作社具有风险规避倾向的特征,探讨农民专业合作社和超市的谈判地位对供应链运作的影响,研究农民专业合作社的质量努力水平和超市的定价策略,并设计一个成本分担契约作为双方的合作机制;其次,将传统单渠道农产品供应链扩展到双渠道农产品供应链,研究直销区的出现对农民专业合作社运行机制的影响,考察直销成本与农民专业合作社定价和质量努力水平决策的关系,并设计出价格补贴机制来提高供应链的运作效率;最后,将双渠道农产品供应链进一步扩展到多渠道农产品供应链,研究新兴的电商销售模式对农民专业合作社运行机制的影响。论文研究结果表明:(1)如果市场地位越弱势,农民专业合作社的质量努力水平将越低;农民专业合作社的风险规避倾向不会影响超市的效用水平,但会降低自身的效用水平,进而降低整个供应链的效用水平;合理的成本分担契约可以实现双方效用水平的Pareto改进,从而提高整个供应链的运作效率。(2)如果直销成本越高,农民专业合作社的质量努力水平将越低,超市的零售价格和需求也越低;当超市零售价格一定时,双渠道农产品供应链中农民专业合作社的质量努力水平高于单渠道农产品供应链;当直销成本较低时,双渠道农产品供应链中农民专业合作社的效用水平高于单渠道农产品供应链,此时相比于单渠道农产品供应链,农民专业合作社更倾向于选择双渠道农产品供应链;政府介入后,通过合理的价格补贴可以提高农民专业合作社和超市的效用水平。(3)在多渠道农产品供应链中,直销区需求明显低于超市需求,但农民专业合作社的效用水平高于超市。在超市主导的供应链中,当需求溢出效应较大时,农民专业合作社可以通过选择多渠道农产品供应链来增强自身谈判能力,因此,相比于双渠道农产品供应链,农民专业合作社应该选择多渠道农产品供应链。本文的研究结论对农民专业合作社、超市的运营决策以及政府的政策设计具有一定的现实意义。一方面,农民专业合作社应该避免完全的依赖超市销售农产品,积极地借助直销区和电商平台,努力的拓宽销售渠道。另一方面,为了应对其他渠道的冲击,超市应该提高农产品的收购价格,努力实现与农民专业合作社的紧密合作。此外,政府可以大力发展直销区和电商平台的建设,为农民专业合作社创造良好的外部环境,并且加大财政补贴,鼓励农民专业合作社在直销区出售农产品。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country's farmer professional cooperatives have been flourishing. Farmers' professional cooperatives can choose the supply chain to participate in different structures according to their own economic base, operating conditions, government support, partners and so on. In the supply chain of different structure, the operation mechanism of farmer professional cooperative shows great difference. By examining three kinds of typical agricultural product supply chain (single channel, dual channel and multi-channel) in reality, this paper attempts to explore the factors that influence the efficiency of farmer's professional cooperative operation. First, in the supermarket-led single channel agricultural product supply chain, combined with the characteristics of the risk aversion tendency of the farmer professional cooperatives, the paper discusses the influence of the bargaining position of farmers' professional cooperatives and supermarkets on the operation of the supply chain. The paper studies the quality efforts level of farmer professional cooperatives and the pricing strategy of supermarket, designs a cost-sharing contract as the cooperation mechanism of both parties, and then extends the traditional single channel agricultural product supply chain to the dual channel agricultural product supply chain. The paper studies the influence of direct selling area on the operation mechanism of farmer's professional cooperative, investigates the relationship between direct selling cost and farmer professional cooperative pricing and quality effort level decision-making, and designs a price subsidy mechanism to improve the operation efficiency of the supply chain; finally, The double-channel agricultural product supply chain is further extended to the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, and the influence of the emerging E-commerce sales model on the operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives is studied. The results of the paper show: (1) If the market position is more vulnerable, the lower the level of the farmers' professional cooperative's quality efforts will be, the risk aversion tendency of farmers' professional cooperatives will not affect the utility level of the supermarket, but the utility level will be reduced. Furthermore, the utility level of the whole supply chain is reduced, and a reasonable cost-sharing contract can realize Pareto improvement of the utility level of both parties, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the whole supply chain. (2) The lower the direct selling cost, the lower the quality efforts of the farmers' professional cooperatives, the lower the retail price and demand of the supermarket, and when the retail price of the supermarket is certain, The quality efforts of farmers' professional cooperatives in the supply chain of dual-channel agricultural products are higher than that of single-channel agricultural products supply chain; when the direct selling cost is lower, the utility level of farmers' professional cooperatives in the double-channel agricultural product supply chain is higher than the single channel agricultural product supply chain. At this time, compared with the single channel agricultural product supply chain, the farmer professional cooperative tends to choose the dual channel agricultural product supply chain; after the government intervention, the utility level of the farmer professional cooperative and the supermarket can be improved through reasonable price subsidy. (3) In the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, the demand of the direct-selling area is obviously lower than that of the supermarket, but the utility level of the farmer's professional cooperative is higher than that of the supermarket. In the supermarket-led supply chain, when the demand overflow effect is large, the farmer professional cooperatives can strengthen their negotiation ability by choosing the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, therefore, compared with the dual-channel agricultural product supply chain, Farmer professional cooperatives should choose multi-channel agricultural product supply chain. The conclusion of this paper is of practical significance to the farmer's professional cooperatives, the operation decision-making of the supermarket and the policy design of the government. On the one hand, farmers' professional cooperatives should avoid full dependence on supermarkets to sell agricultural products and actively expand the sales channels with the help of the direct selling area and e-commerce platform. On the other hand, in order to cope with the impact of other channels, supermarkets should improve the purchase price of agricultural products and achieve close cooperation with farmers' professional cooperatives. In addition, the government can vigorously develop the construction of the direct selling area and the e-commerce platform, create a good external environment for the farmer professional cooperative, and increase the financial subsidy, and encourage the farmer professional cooperative to sell agricultural products in the direct selling area.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.42

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