大陆与台湾农村土地流转制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 08:19

【摘要】：为了实现农村土地的规模化运行,发挥农村土地的市场作用,大陆地区开始了土地流转工作,并于2016年实施土地“三权分置”,同时开展相应的土地确权工作,以实现土地资源的规模化整合。中国共产党第十五届三中全会决议指出:“土地是农业最基本的生产要素,又是农民最基本的生活保障”。农村土地的市场化有效提高了农民的经济收入,提高了土地资源的利用率。但是由于相应法律法规的缺失、中介服务组织落后等原因,严重影响了农村土地的流转。在世界范围内,瑞士、日本、英国、美国等国家经过不断的土地制度改革,有了一套相对完善的土地交易制度,但是由于历史、文化、经济等方面的差异性,使得大陆地区吸收国外土地交易经验时无法做到有效利用。而台湾与大陆地区在土地制度改革的初期都以孙中山先生所提倡的“耕者有其田”为改革宗旨,同时由于台湾地区在土地制度改革方面较为成功,因此对于大陆地区而言有着较强的借鉴作用。本文主要运用文献分析法、访谈法及比较法,通过比较大陆及台湾地区土地流转制度的历程、经验、现状的比较,借鉴其较为成熟的土地交易经验,同时针对台湾地区土地交易制度中出现的不足,提出了台湾地区土地交易制度对大陆地区的一些启示。全文共分为七个章节:首先通过台湾及大陆地区历次土地制度改革,对两岸农村地区背景、政策进行了比较,阐述了两岸在社会背景、政策实施的目的、基础和内容中的异同;其次,分析了两岸农村土地流转的现状,将两岸农村土地流转制度实施后的成效及其问题进行了陈述;再次,对两岸农村土地流转的经验进行比较,列举出台湾土地交易制度较为先进的地方;最后,针对于大陆地区农村土地流转中出现的一些问题,结合台湾地区的相关经验提出相关启发意义。总之,吸取台湾地区农村土地交易制度中的相关成功经验,同时也应当看到台湾地区农村土地交易中出现的不足,取长补短,避免发生同样的问题,有利于推进大陆农村地区土地流转的不断完善,对保护农民权益,促进农业发展,实现“中国梦”有着重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the large-scale operation of rural land and give play to the market role of rural land, the land circulation in mainland China began, and the land "three rights division" was implemented in 2016, and the corresponding land confirmation work was carried out at the same time. In order to achieve large-scale integration of land resources. The resolution of the third Plenary session of the 15th CPC Central Committee points out: "Land is the most basic factor of production in agriculture and the most basic livelihood of peasants." The marketization of rural land effectively improves farmers' economic income and the utilization rate of land resources. However, due to the lack of relevant laws and regulations, intermediary service organization backward and other reasons, seriously affected the circulation of rural land. All over the world, Switzerland, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries have developed a relatively perfect land transaction system through continuous land system reform, but due to differences in history, culture, economy, etc. So that the mainland absorption of foreign land trading experience can not be used effectively. In the early stages of the land system reform in Taiwan and the mainland, the purpose of the reform was "the tiller has his land" advocated by Mr. Sun Zhongshan. At the same time, since the land system reform in Taiwan was relatively successful, Therefore, there is a strong reference for the mainland. This article mainly uses the literature analysis method, the interview method and the comparative method, through compares the mainland and Taiwan area land circulation system history, the experience, the present situation comparison, uses for reference its more mature land transaction experience, At the same time, aiming at the deficiency of the land transaction system in Taiwan, this paper puts forward some enlightenments from the land transaction system in Taiwan to the mainland. The full text is divided into seven chapters: firstly, through the previous land system reform in Taiwan and mainland China, the background and policy of the rural areas of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are compared, and the similarities and differences in the social background, the purpose, the foundation and the content of the policy implementation are expounded. Secondly, the paper analyzes the current situation of cross-strait rural land transfer, describes the results and problems after the implementation of cross-strait rural land transfer system; thirdly, compares the experience of cross-strait rural land transfer. Finally, aiming at some problems in the circulation of rural land in mainland China, this paper puts forward the relevant enlightening significance combined with the relevant experience of Taiwan. In short, drawing on the relevant successful experiences in the rural land trading system in Taiwan, we should also see the deficiencies in rural land transactions in Taiwan, learn from each other's weaknesses, and avoid the same problems. It is beneficial to promote the continuous improvement of land circulation in rural areas of mainland China, to protect the rights and interests of farmers, to promote the development of agriculture, and to realize "Chinese Dream" of important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1

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