农地三权分置的法实现

发布时间：2018-10-21 14:44

【摘要】：农地三权分置是中国特色现代农地制度的核心,是我国农地权利制度改革的既定选择,旨在实现农地规模化经营,破解农地融资困境,提高农业生产效率。农地三权分置政策向可运作的法律实现机制转化,应当以坚持农地集体所有权为前提,以稳定农地既有法权关系为基础,以农地权利财产化为指向。中央农地政策上的农户承包权即为现行法中的土地承包经营权(包括派生出土地经营权的土地承包经营权)。依据权利行使的用益物权发生逻辑,土地经营权是土地承包经营权人行使其权利而设定的次级用益物权,承包权与经营权的法构造为"用益物权—次级用益物权"。在解释论层面,囿于物权法定原则,土地经营权原本并非物权,但其设定一经登记,即获得对抗第三人的效力,并受侵权责任法保护。在立法论层面,未来我国"民法典物权编"应当将土地经营权上升为法定的用益物权,进而实现土地经营权的法定化。
[Abstract]:The separation of three rights of farmland is the core of the modern farmland system with Chinese characteristics and the established choice of the reform of the system of farmland rights in China. It aims at realizing the large-scale management of agricultural land, solving the dilemma of agricultural land financing and improving the efficiency of agricultural production. In order to transform the policy of division of three rights of farmland into an operational legal mechanism, it is necessary to adhere to the collective ownership of agricultural land, to stabilize the relationship between the existing legal rights of agricultural land and to turn the property of farmland rights into a direction. The peasant household contract right in the central agricultural land policy is the land contract management right in the current law (including the land contract management right derived from the land management right). According to the logic of usufruct, the land management right is the secondary usufructuary right set by the land contract management owner. The law structure of the contract right and management right is "usufruct right-secondary usufruct right". At the level of interpretation theory, limited by the principle of the law of real right, the land management right is not originally a real right, but once its establishment is registered, it gains the effectiveness against the third party and is protected by the tort liability law. In the aspect of legislation, in the future, we should turn the land management right into the legal usufruct right, and then realize the legalization of the land management right.
【作者单位】：吉林大学法学院;吉林大学理论法学研究中心;吉林大学国家司法文明协同创新中心;
【基金】：作者主持的2016年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“大数据时代的司法理论与实践研究”(16JJD820004) 吉林省科技发展计划项目“吉林省农村土地管理和经营体制创新研究”(20160418003FG)阶段性成果
【分类号】：F321.1

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