农业劳动力老龄化对土地利用效率的影响

发布时间：2018-10-25 19:53

【摘要】：通过构建农业劳动力老龄化—要素投入—土地利用效率的理论分析框架,从个体维度、家庭维度实证分析劳动密集型农产品生产中农业劳动力老龄化对土地利用效率的影响。研究表明:随着决策者年龄增加,倾向于依靠自我剥削机制增加自用工投入,家庭老龄化程度负向影响自用工投入、资金投入,对土地利用效率产生消极影响;增加劳动、雇工、资金投入有利于提高土地利用效率,但土地净生产率更依赖于农户自有生产要素。决策者受教育程度、农业机械固定资产原值、苹果收入占比、土地流入、细碎化程度、有效灌溉面积占比、是否获得政府补贴正向影响土地利用效率,决策者年医疗费用、家庭土地规模、自然灾害、村里是否有技术员负向影响土地利用效率。据此,应通过引导土地合理流转、关注农民健康与收益分配化解农业劳动力老龄化的消极影响,通过向农民投资、强化补贴与灾害预警增强农户的土地利用能力。
[Abstract]:By constructing the theoretical analysis framework of agricultural labor aging, factor input and land use efficiency, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of agricultural labor aging on land use efficiency in the production of labor-intensive agricultural products from individual dimension and family dimension. The results show that: with the age of decision-makers, they tend to rely on the self-exploitation mechanism to increase the self-employment input, and the aging degree of the family negatively affects the self-employment input and the capital investment, which has a negative impact on the efficiency of land use; The increase of labor, employment and capital investment is beneficial to the improvement of land use efficiency, but the net land productivity depends more on farmers' own factors of production. The educational level of decision makers, the original value of fixed assets of agricultural machinery, the proportion of apple income, the land inflow, the degree of fragmentation, the proportion of effective irrigated area, whether the government subsidies positively affect the efficiency of land use, the annual medical cost of the decision makers, Family land scale, natural disasters, whether there are technicians in the village negatively affect the efficiency of land use. Therefore, we should guide the rational circulation of land, pay attention to the health and income distribution of farmers and resolve the negative impact of the aging of agricultural labor force, and strengthen the land use capacity of farmers by investing in farmers, strengthening subsidies and early warning of disasters.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学经济管理学院;西北农林科技大学西部农村发展研究中心;甘肃农业大学财经学院;
【基金】：国家科技重点项目(CARS-28) 国家自然科学基金项目(71573211)
【分类号】：F301.2;F323.6

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