中美棉花生产成本收益及全要素生产率比较分析

发布时间：2018-11-20 16:20

【摘要】：我国是世界上最大产棉国和棉花消费国,自1982年以来,我国棉花产量一直高居世界首位,可见我国棉花不仅在国内同时在世界也有着举足轻重的地位。棉花是我国仅次于粮食作物的重要经济作物之一,棉花产业的发展对我国国民经济有着重要的战略意义。自我国加入WTO以来,农业生产受到了国内生产成本上升和国内外农产品价格“倒挂”的双重挤压,粮食市场出现了产量、进口量和库存量三量齐增的“怪像”;国内大豆需求旺盛,而生产徘徊不前,进口年年攀升。美国是全球最大的棉花生产国之一,也是中国棉花最重要的进口国之一。美国政府为提高美国棉花竞争力,保护棉花生产者利益,2014年美国《新农业法案》针对高地棉生产者出台了浅层次收入保护计划,并于2015年开始实施。人们普遍认为美国棉花由于生产成本低而具有较大的竞争优势。随着中国棉花生产的萎缩,中国棉花供需缺口将进一步扩大。在中国面积下降呈不可逆转之势的情况下,要稳定和提高中国棉花供给能力,唯一出路在于持续有效地提高我国棉花的产出效率,即农业经济增长理论中所指的全要素生产率。本文研究旨在比较分析中国棉花生产和美国棉花生产的成本收益状况,并测算中美两国棉花全要素生产率,通过对中美两国棉花生产的比较分析,借鉴美国棉花产业发展的经验,提出提升我国棉花全要素生产率的政策建议。在经过搜集大量相关资料后,通过对中国统计年鉴和全国农产品成本收益资料汇编的整理,总结出近些年来我国各个省份棉花生产成本和收益的数据指标。同时在美国农业部网站中整理出近些年来美国各棉花主产区生产成本收益的数据指标。通过对两国间各主产区数据的分析以及对比分析发现,我国棉花生产成本不断上升,虽具有产值优势,但净利润较低。本文为进一步比较分析两国间棉花产业发展的不同,根据中国国家统计局公布的近年来我国棉花生产价格指数和联合国粮食农业组织公布的美国棉花生产价格指数,分别对两国间的棉花成本收益指数进行价格平减。经过价格平减后,分别对两国的棉花全要素生产率进行测算,最后进行研究分析,以及比较分析,发现我国棉花生产技术有待进一步提高,棉花生产规模效率不足。针对上述研究中发现的问题,有针对性的提出了相对应的政策和建议。
[Abstract]:China is the largest cotton producing country and cotton consuming country in the world. Since 1982, China's cotton production has been the highest in the world, so it can be seen that China's cotton has a pivotal position not only in China but also in the world. Cotton is one of the most important economic crops after grain crops in China. The development of cotton industry is of great strategic significance to our national economy. Since China's entry into WTO, agricultural production has been squeezed by the rise of domestic production cost and the "inverted" price of agricultural products at home and abroad. Domestic soybean demand is exuberant, and the production fluctuates, imports rise year by year. The United States is one of the world's largest cotton producers and one of China's most important importers of cotton. In order to improve U.S. cotton competitiveness and protect the interests of cotton producers, the U.S. New Agriculture Act in 2014 introduced a shallow income protection program for upland cotton producers, which began to be implemented in 2015. It is generally believed that American cotton has a great competitive advantage because of its low production cost. As China's cotton production shrinks, China's cotton supply and demand gap will further expand. The only way to stabilize and improve China's cotton supply capacity is to continuously and effectively improve the cotton output efficiency, that is, the total factor productivity referred to in the theory of agricultural economic growth. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the cost-benefit situation of cotton production in China and the United States, and to calculate the total factor productivity of cotton between China and the United States, and to compare the cotton production between China and the United States. Based on the experience of cotton industry development in the United States, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions for improving the total factor productivity of cotton in China. After collecting a great deal of relevant data, through the collation of the statistics yearbook of China and the compilation of the national agricultural product cost and income data, the paper summarizes the data index of cotton production cost and income in each province of our country in recent years. At the same time, the United States Department of Agriculture website collated in recent years the main cotton production areas in the United States production cost and income indicators. Through the analysis and comparison of the data of the main producing areas between the two countries, it is found that the cotton production cost in our country is rising constantly, although it has the advantage of output value, but the net profit is relatively low. In order to compare and analyze the differences of cotton industry development between the two countries, according to the cotton production price index published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in recent years and the United States cotton production price index published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The cotton cost-benefit index between the two countries were deflated. After the price is reduced, the cotton total factor productivity of the two countries is measured, and finally, the comparative analysis is carried out. It is found that the cotton production technology in China needs to be further improved, and the cotton production scale efficiency is insufficient. Aiming at the problems found in the above research, the corresponding policies and suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F316.12

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