中国文化经济的理论渊源与现代分析

发布时间：2018-03-27 22:17

本文选题：文化经济　切入点：文化产业　出处：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：文化经济是人类社会需要推动发展的重要方面。改革开放以后，为了迅速改变中国贫穷落后的面貌，我们重视经济优先发展和经济的物质投入有其历史背景。随着我国经济社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的显著提高，人们衣食住行的基本需求逐步得到满足，丰富的精神文化生活成为人们的必然选择。而满足这种需要有两种途径：一是公益性文化事业，作为公共文化服务满足人民群众的基本文化需要。二是文化产业，通过经济的形式满足人们多样性的文化需求。我们这里主要研究文化经济的当代表现形态——文化产业。因此，有关文化经济之历史渊源、现实状况和发展趋势的研究，关系到我国的经济发展、社会进步、人民生活幸福和国家软实力的构建，具有重大的现实意义和理论价值。文化经济是以精神生产为基础，以文化产业为当代表现形态，生产文化产品和提供文化服务的新型经济。文化经济作为一个历史范畴，经历了文化经济的物质形态、服务形态、手工作坊形态、机器复制形态，一直发展到现代的文化产业形态。文化产业是文化经济发展到当代的必然产物，是文化经济的当代表现形态。文化经济是衡量一个国家经济社会发展水平的重要指标，，它代表人类社会发展的基本方向。文化经济的创新性是由精神生产的创新本质决定的；绿色、可持续性决定了文化资源是可重复利用、永不枯竭的资源；非物质性体现为商品的符号价值，代表商品使用者的消费品味和阶层身份；成本特殊性体现在文化产品具有高固定成本和低复制成本；文化与经济融合性表现为兼具经济活动与文化活动的性质。发展文化经济有利于经济结构调整和培育新的经济增长点，抚慰后危机时期人们的心灵，而且有利于社会主义文化规律的丰富和实现文化的大发展大繁荣。回顾文化经济的特征、功能和价值，有必要进一步考察文化经济的历史渊源和理论发展。马克思的文化经济理论，尤其是精神生产理论是文化经济提出的理论渊源和根本依据。他将精神生产视为“关于意识的生产”和“特殊生产”，把文化活动视为生产现象，文化生产力的概念呼之欲出。列宁在继承马克思文化经济基础上提出了文化建设的重要作用，强调以文化水平作为衡量社会主义形成和发展的标准。西方马克思主义者葛兰西、哈贝马斯、莱易斯和韦伯从不同角度开辟了文化经济研究的新范式。我国毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系引领着文化经济的方向，党的历代领导集体对文化与经济的关系都做过精辟的论述。毛泽东说文化是经济的反映，又给予经济巨大的影响和反作用。邓小平认为应该始终把生产力作为根本任务，同时坚持精神文明和物质文明共同发展。“三个代表”重要思想要求中国共产党始终代表先进生产力的发展要求和先进文化的前进方向。文化经济是在科学发展观指导下，并与科学发展观的精神内涵相契合的一种新经济形式。西方学者对文化经济理论推进也做出不少贡献，按照不同时期，本文梳理了人文主义社会、文化工业社会和消费主义社会的文化经济观。任何时代的经济学者都必须正面回答经济发展中的文化问题，他们以不同流派分别阐述了古典经济学、制度经济学和当代经济学者的文化价值观。按照文化在发展中的不同作用，本研究系统介绍了李斯特、汤因比、费斯克和波特的文化发展理论。对照西方的理论和经验，反观中国文化经济的发展历程和现实状况，不难发现，我国的文化经济在很多方面亟待改善。 1949年至1978年，我国文化经济主要以文化事业为表现形态，政府作为文化的唯一投资方和受益方，按照计划统一调配文化产品的生产和分配，这一时期称为文化经济的萌芽期。1979年至2002年，主要以文化市场的开放、培育和文化产业的萌芽为特征，这一时期称为文化经济的恢复与调整期。2002年党的十六大以后，我国进入文化产业化的高速发展时期，2011年党的十七届六中全会召开以后，国家将发展文化产业上升到新的战略高度，进入文化经济繁荣发展的新时期。通过对国内外理论与实践的回顾，更加清晰地认识了我国文化经济的历史和现实，深刻地体察到我国不仅面临一系列挑战，比如文化企业面临跨国公司的冲击、文化产业发展中的资金困扰、西方价值观念的入侵、与文化经济强国在人才、技术和理念上的差距。与此同时，我国还面临着一些重要发展机遇：国家文化发展战略的推动、居民文化消费需求的释放和政府对文化企业的扶持和资助。在此基础上，解释了我国文化经济发展滞后的原因，经济发展方式阻碍了文化经济的发展，资本的逻辑促使文化成为资本增殖的工具，优先发展经济的战略使文化建设明显滞后。在把握文化经济存在问题、滞后原因的基础上，本研究提出当代文化经济的发展对策与趋势展望。文化与经济的融合表现为由文化经济化向经济文化化转变，由追求经济增长到提升文化层次是实现人的全面自由发展的必然要求。制订文化产业优先发展战略、以文化产业结构调整推进管理制度创新、实现政府职能由管理文化产业向服务文化产业转变、重视人才队伍建设以增强文化产业创新能力，是文化经济发展的针对性措施。最后，本文对中国文化经济趋势进行了展望：精神文化消费的比重将进一步提高，文化经济的持续发展将加快中国社会转型，中国特色文化经济的世界影响会不断扩大。
[Abstract]:Cultural economy is an important aspect of promoting the development of human society needs. After the reform and opening up, in order to quickly change the China of poverty and backwardness, we attach importance to economic development and economic priority material input has its historical background. With the remarkable improvement of living level of China's rapid economic and social development and people's life, the basic needs of the people's basic necessities of life are gradually meet, the rich spiritual and cultural life become an inevitable choice. And there are two ways to meet this need: one is the public cultural undertakings, as public cultural services to meet the people's basic cultural needs. The two is the cultural industry, meet people's cultural diversity needs through economic - cultural industry form in contemporary form. We show here mainly to study the culture and economy. Therefore, the cultural and economic history, the research present situation and developmental trend of the customs It is of great practical and theoretical value to set up the economic development, social progress, the happiness of the people's life and the construction of the soft power of the country.
Cultural economy is based on the spirit of the production as the foundation, the cultural industry as the contemporary form of new economy, the production of cultural products and provide cultural services. The cultural economy as a historical category, through the cultural economic material form, service form, hand form, copy machine form, to the development of modern culture industry form. The cultural industry is the inevitable outcome of contemporary cultural and economic development, is the contemporary form of culture economy. Cultural economy is an important indicator to measure the level of national economic and social development, it represents the basic direction of the development of human society. The innovation of economic and cultural innovation is decided by the essence of spiritual production; green, sustainable decides the cultural resources can be reused, inexhaustible resources; intangible manifests the symbolic value of goods, goods on behalf of users of consumer tastes and order The cost of the special identity layer; embodies the high fixed cost and low cost of reproduction of cultural products; cultural and economic nature of the performance of both fusion economic activities and cultural activities. The development of cultural economy is conducive to the adjustment of economic structure and cultivate new economic growth points, mind crisis people's comfort, but also has great development prosperity to socialist cultural law and rich culture. The cultural and economic review feature, function and value, it is necessary to further investigate the history and development of the theory of cultural economy.
Marx's cultural and economic theory, especially the spiritual production theory is the theoretical origin of cultural economy puts forward and fundamental basis. He will be regarded as "spirit of the production of consciousness of production" and "special production", the cultural activities as production phenomenon, the concept of cultural productivity to call out. Lenin put forward the important role of cultural construction in the inheritance of Marx culture based on the economy, emphasize the cultural level as a measure of the formation and development of socialism. The Western Marxist Marx Gramsci, Habermas, Lewis and Webb opened a new paradigm of cultural economy from different angles. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics of Mao Zedong thought and China leading cultural and economic direction of the party the collective leadership of the cultural and economic relations have made brilliant exposition. Mao Zedong said that culture is the reflection of economy, and give economic giant The effects and adverse effects. Deng Xiaoping think we should always put the productivity as the basic task, and adhere to the common development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. "The direction of the important thought of Three Represents" the requirements of the development of the Communist Party of Chinese representing advanced productive forces and advanced culture. The cultural economy is in Scientific Outlook on Development under the guidance of a new economic form and fit with the Scientific Outlook on Development spirit. Western scholars have also made many contributions to the cultural and economic theory to promote, in accordance with the different period, this paper analyzes the humanistic social culture, economy and culture of industrial society and consumerism society view. Any era of economic scholars must answer the cultural problems in economic development in front of them in different schools describes the classical economics, institutional economics and economic scholars of contemporary cultural values. According to the culture in the hair Different roles in development, this study introduced Lester, Toynbee, and Potter Fiske's theory of cultural development. The control of western theories and experience, reviewing the development course Chinese culture economy and reality, it is not difficult to find, China's cultural economy needs to be improved in many aspects.
From 1949 to 1978, China's cultural economy is mainly based on cultural undertakings to form the government as the sole investment culture and the beneficiary, in accordance with the production and distribution plan of unified deployment of cultural products, this period is called the cultural economy budding.1979 to 2002, mainly in the cultural market opening, characteristic of sprout cultivation and the cultural industry, this period is called the culture of economic recovery and adjustment period of.2002 years the Party of sixteen, China has entered the period of rapid development of cultural industry of 2011, after the party held in the sixth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, in the development of cultural industries rose to a new strategic height, entered a new era of economic prosperity and development of culture by reviewing domestic and international theory and practice, a clear understanding of China's cultural and economic history and reality, deeply aware of China not only faces a series of challenges, such as The enterprise facing the challenge of multinational companies, the development of cultural industry in the financial distress, the invasion of the Western values, cultural and economic power in the talent, technology and ideas on the gap. At the same time, our country still faces some important development opportunities: to promote the national cultural development strategy, the demand of people's cultural consumption and the release of government support and funding of cultural enterprises. On this basis, explains the reasons of China's cultural and economic development lags behind economic development, hindering the development of culture and economy, the logic of capital to promote culture and became the capital of the proliferation of tools, the priority of economic development strategy that cultural construction lags behind. In the grasp of cultural and economic problems, the basic reasons behind on the study and put forward development countermeasure and trend of contemporary cultural and economic outlook.
The integration of culture and economy from cultural and economic transition of economy and culture, the pursuit of economic growth to enhance the cultural level is the inevitable requirement to realize the all-round development of human freedom. To formulate cultural industry oriented development strategy, promote the innovation of the management system of the cultural industry structure adjustment, the transformation of government functions from management to service the cultural industry cultural industry and focus on the training of talents to enhance the cultural industry innovation ability, is the cultural and economic development of specific measures. Finally, this paper discussed the trend of economic Chinese culture: spiritual and cultural consumption proportion will further enhance the sustainable development of cultural economy will accelerate Chinese social transformation, Chinese culture influence in the world economy will continue to expand.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G124

【引证文献】