西方传媒制度转型的新制度经济学研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:42

本文选题：西方传媒制度 + 制度转型　；参考：《河北大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：传媒新技术的快速发展，特别是互联网的发展，颠覆了传统的传媒格局，也深刻影响着传媒未来的发展。当代传媒业进入到一个新的发展阶段，传媒业正经历着诸多转型，与之相对应传媒制度在传媒业各个层面发生着转型，制度转型是当前国际传媒业发展的基本面。制度转型也是中国传媒改革的重要内容，当前中国把推动文化产业发展上升到国家战略的高度。同西方传媒制度转型相比，中国传媒制度转型还有很大的差距。研究西方传媒制度转型，对于中国传媒制度转型具有重要的借鉴意义。本文力图从新制度经济学的视角研究西方传媒制度转型的内在机理、转型的路径选择以及政府在传媒制度转型中的作用。当前传媒制度转型是在新技术快速发展背景下的转型，诺斯认为发明和创新的个人收益和社会收益之间始终存在着巨大的差距，技术是建立在知识提前累积的基础上的，除非基础知识存量增长，否则新技术发明最终将陷于收益递减。可见新技术虽然推动了传媒业的发展，但新技术的贡献远没有想象得那么大，制度转型创造了新技术持续发展的环境。德姆塞茨认为技术变化需要事先建立一套产权，这样可以提高发明和创新的私人收益率。利益机制的驱使导致传媒制度转型，这种转型是制度参与主体——政府、传媒企业及多方参与者反复博弈的结果。制度转型同时也引发了传媒业的一系列变化，竞争、垄断、管制、多样化四大问题彼此关联且相互冲突，处理和协调这些矛盾是西方传媒制度转型的核心任务。西方各国传媒制度都处于市场经济环境下，制度转型的方式和程度却不相同，传媒制度模式选择和历史文化背景是影响制度转型路径的重要因素。政府作为制度的主要供给者，在传媒制度转型中对路径选择和推进次序发挥着重要作用。本文首先梳理出能够解释和说明西方传媒制度转型的相关理论，并对新制度经济学的制度变迁理论、路径依赖理论等基本问题进行阐述。接着阐述了传媒制度相关概念、以及西方传媒制度转型历程。探讨了传媒制度转型的内在机理，制度主体对制度的需求源于相对价格的变化而产生新的利益机制，对利益机制的追求使传媒主体对制度需求和供给发生变化，这种供给和需求的非均衡决定了制度的转型，制度的出台令这种转型达到一种短期的均衡。西方传媒制度转型是诱致性变迁为主导的转型，是制度主体反复博弈下的理性预期。本文进一步探讨了传媒制度转型的路径依赖性质，非正式制度对正式制度具有深刻的影响。传媒业特殊的属性决定了政府必须对传媒业进行规制，政府作为强制性制度创新的主体，，在传媒业制度转型和制度创新中具有重要的作用。本文在理论分析的基础上通过案例分析，对比美国广播电视业的制度转型及日本动漫产业兴起的制度转型，印证了西方传媒制度转型是诱致性制度变迁为主导的制度转型。日本受到美国传媒制度的影响，但是对传媒的规制更加严格，因此日本传媒制度转型的路径选择和欧美不同，制度选择在转型成本最小的部分首先突破，动漫产业和意识形态的关联相对较弱，转型成本较低，因此日本选择在动漫业首先放松规制，推动了动漫产业的发展，使日本成为世界动漫强国。最后总结本文观点，提出我国传媒制度需要进行改革，把文化产业从文化事业中剥离出来，建立一套适合市场经济的产权制度，进行市场化运营，才能提高传媒产业效率，制度转型和制度重构应当并举。本文的创新点在于从影响传媒制度需求和影响传媒制度供给的因素分析，新技术的变化引发了对传媒制度转型的需求，制度供给不足是传媒制度的常态，制度供给和制度需求的变化引起制度的非均衡，制度因此发生转型，制度转型深层的原因是整个社会的利益格局发生调整。西方传媒制度转型是诱致性变迁为主导的转型，是制度主体反复博弈下的理性预期。在传媒制度转型的过程中，放松规制是传媒制度转型的趋势，而西方各国制度转型的方式和内容各不相同，本文分析了西方主要国家传媒制度模式选择及历史文化背景，指出非正式制度对传媒制度的影响更为深刻。本文采取理论分析和案例分析相结合的方法。传媒制度转型是一个庞大的体系，对传媒制度转型进行研究，首先，要对传媒制度转型理论和新制度经济学相关理论进行梳理归纳；然后，采用新制度经济学的制度变迁理论、路径依赖理论及政府规制理论对传媒制度转型进行分析。本文也十分重视案例研究，通过对美国广播电视业和日本动漫产业的分析，印证了本文的结论，同时本文采取了比较分析的方法，通过对传媒制度转型历程的研究，可以纵向比较西方传媒制度的发展历程和转型趋势，通过对不同国家、不同类型传媒制度的比较，可以横向比较各种制度转型的相同和差异。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the new media technology, especially the development of the Internet, has subverted the traditional media pattern and influenced the future development of the media. The media industry is entering a new stage of development. The media industry is experiencing a lot of transformation, and the media system is in transformation at all levels of the media industry, and the system transformation is when it is changed. The basic aspect of the development of the former international media industry. Institutional transformation is also an important content of Chinese media reform. The current China has promoted the development of the cultural industry to the national strategy. Compared with the transformation of the western media system, the transformation of the media system in China has a large gap. This paper tries to study the internal mechanism of the transformation of the western media system, the path choice of the transformation and the role of the government in the transformation of the media system from the perspective of new institutional economics.
The transformation of the current media system is in the context of the rapid development of new technology. North believes that there is a huge gap between the individual income and social benefits of invention and innovation. Technology is based on the accumulation of knowledge ahead of time, unless the stock of basic knowledge increases, otherwise the new technology inventions will eventually fall into diminishing returns. Although the new technology has promoted the development of the media industry, the contribution of the new technology is far from being imagined. The transformation of the system has created the environment for the continuous development of new technology. Demsetz believes that the technological change needs to establish a set of property rights in advance so that the private income rate of invention and innovation can be improved. The drive of interest mechanism leads to the media system. The transformation is the result of the repeated game between the government, the media enterprise and the multiparty participants. The transformation of the system has also triggered a series of changes in the media industry. The four major issues of competition, monopoly, regulation and diversification are related and conflicting with each other. The core of the transformation of the western media system is to deal with and coordinate these contradictions. The media system in the western countries is in the market economy environment, the mode and degree of institutional transformation are different. The choice of the media system mode and the historical and cultural background are the important factors that affect the path of the system transformation. As the main provider of the system, the government plays an important role in the path selection and the order of promotion in the transformation of the media system. Use.
This article first combs the relevant theories that can explain and explain the transformation of the western media system, expounds the basic problems of the institutional change theory of the new institutional economics, the path dependence theory, and then expounds the related concepts of the media system, as well as the transformation calendar of the western media system, and probes into the internal mechanism of the transformation of the media system, and the system of the transformation of the media system. The demand of the degree subject to the system originates from the change of relative price and produces a new interest mechanism. The pursuit of the interest mechanism makes the media subject change the demand and supply of the system. The imbalance between supply and demand determines the transformation of the system. The introduction of the system makes this transformation reach a short-term equilibrium. The transformation of the western media system The transformation of induced change is the leading transformation, which is the rational expectation under the repeated game of the institutional subject. This paper further discusses the nature of the path dependence of the transformation of the media system. The informal system has a profound influence on the formal system. The special attributes of the media industry determine that the government must regulate the media industry and the government is a compulsory system. The new subject has an important role in the system transformation and system innovation in the media industry. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, this paper compares the institutional transformation of the American radio and television industry and the institutional transformation of the rise of Japanese animation industry, and confirms that the transformation of the western media system is the institutional transition led by the induced institutional change. It is influenced by the American media system, but the regulation of the media is more strict. Therefore, the choice of the path of the transformation of the media system in Japan is different from that in Europe and America. The choice of the system is the first breakthrough in the least part of the transformation cost, the correlation of the animation industry and ideology is relatively weak and the transformation cost is low. Therefore, Japan chooses the first place in the animation industry. In the end, the Chinese media system needs to be reformed, the cultural industry should be stripped out of the cultural industry, the establishment of a set of property rights system suitable for the market economy and the market operation, can the efficiency of the media industry be improved and the system turn to the system. The reconstruction of the type and system should be combined.
The innovation point of this article is from the factors that affect the demand of the media system and the influence of the supply of the media system. The change of the new technology leads to the demand for the transformation of the media system. The shortage of the system is the normal state of the media system. The changes in the system supply and system demand cause the imbalance of the system, so the system is transformed and the system transformation is deep. The reason is the adjustment of the interests pattern of the whole society. The transformation of the western media system is the leading transformation of the induced change. It is the rational expectation under the repeated game of the institutional subject. In the process of the transformation of the media system, the relaxation of regulation is the trend of the transformation of the media system, and the mode and content of the system transformation in the western countries are different, This paper analyzes the choice of media system mode and historical and cultural background of the major western countries, and points out that the influence of informal institutions on the media system is more profound.
This paper adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis with case analysis. The transformation of the media system is a huge system and studies the transformation of the media system. First, we should sort out the theory of the transformation of the media system and the related theories of the new institutional economics; then, adopt the theory of institutional change of new degree economics and the theory of path dependence. And the theory of government regulation analysis the transformation of the media system. This article also attaches great importance to the case study. Through the analysis of the American radio and television industry and the Japanese animation industry, this paper has confirmed the conclusion of this article. At the same time, this paper has taken a comparative analysis method, through the study of the transformation process of the media system, the western media system can be compared longitudinally. Through the comparison of different countries and different types of media systems, we can compare the similarities and differences of various institutional transformation.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G206-F

【参考文献】