超越接入：中国城市日常生活场景中的网吧研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:31

本文选题：网吧 + 技术性社会空间　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究的核心问题是：在中国转型期社会以及急速的城市化背景下,以互联网为代表的新信息传播技术如何嵌入人们的日常生活并与之互动,对问题的考察展开于中国城市日常生活场景中的网吧。研究将网吧视为一种超越技术接入(beyond access)基础设施的复杂技术性社会空间(technosocial space),以期在已有传播学接入研究的基础上,从特定社会情境内的个人使用出发,探索个人、技术与数字沟、公平性、个人资本等问题。信息传播技术的变迁向传统的大众传播研究提出了挑战,对新传播技术的考察被拉回日常生活的场景。研究借助人类学的研究视野,聚焦受众、使用情境与技术之间的互动以及它们与更大社会环境的互动。信息传播技术嵌入社会生活,发生于具体的空间场景,这种技术性的社会空间构成了“信息社会”一个个现实节点。节点的建构包含了多个主体和多个层次的互动：既有空间的发起者针对具体语境的转译(translation),也有直接使用者将这些节点编织进各自日常生活流的驯化(domestication);节点的设计和演变还渗透着更大的社会力量,这种社会力量同时也影响着节点内部微观关系的变化。通过对河南省漯河市、山东省青岛市、安徽省合肥市以及上海市等地几家大众型普通网吧的田野观察和实地访谈,本文试图展现中国网吧作为一个全球性概念(互联网接入)的地方性建构所具有的复杂性和丰富性。网吧具有文本(text)和语境(context)的双重解读潜力。与西欧等旨在提升公民信息技术素养、以实现“信息社会”目标的社区中心公益网吧迥然不同,中国网吧一开始就自发地跻身于私人商业经营领域,以私人业主为主体的经营模式更多地体现了消费场所的建构逻辑,消费性的娱乐功能成为中国网吧的显著特征,“服务一消费”成为这一微观生态的主导社会关系；市场之外,政府管制是中国网吧发展演变另外一股至关重要的外部力量,默许鼓励、政策管制、高压严控、博弈协商,政治力量的介入方式和操作形式也发生了不断的变化。网吧消费者扮演了另外一股重要的建构性力量,消费者构成、消费行为和使用动机的变化,不断冲击网吧空间的建构和重构,体现出以生活方式区隔为表现的阶层分化,折射出中国都市化进程的不断加速。研究发现,网吧使用者集中于年轻族群,他们在日常消费的场景中不但进行信息传播技术的使用,同时还对空间本身进行使用。这些使用行为呈现出一种基于特定空间的社会性(sociality),特别伴随消费主义在中国的兴起,网吧在某种意义上被挪用为类似于社区中心的场所。尤其对某些年轻男性群体来说,“去网吧”已经成为一种特定的生活方式。研究初步发现,中国网吧兼具通讯、娱乐、社交等多种功能,并将这些功能混合在一起,生成一种特殊的互联网技术性社会空间。尽管网吧使用者的行为从表面看起来相差不远,但实际他们对选择的确定、对行为的评价出现了较大的差异,而这种矛盾和差异与信息传播技术(Information and Communication Technologies,简称ICTs)资本有密切的关联。通过与社会资本的比照,本研究创造性地提出ICTs资本这一概念,认为其具有一般资本的稀缺性和价值,对个体具有深刻的意义；网吧为中国中低阶层的ICTs资本接入提供了弥合“数字沟”的可能性；与此同时,ICTs资本的这种“可能性”在面对更加难以弥合的社会困境时是无力的,对个体来说,ICTs资本犹如“催化剂”一般需要与其它资本协同作用。个体在去或不去网吧决定之间的摇摆,既受到中国转型期各种结构性因素的影响,也与个体的行动以及如何做出行动息息相关。研究认为,在中国社会日常生活日益被信息传播技术所中介化的今天,从个体日常使用的角度探索个人、技术、空间之间的互动具有丰富的理论潜力和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The core problem of the study is how to embed the new information transmission technology represented by the Internet in the daily life of people and interact with the people ' s daily life in the context of China ' s transitional society and rapid urbanization . The study is regarded as a complicated technical social space that goes beyond the infrastructure of technology access .

The change of information transmission technology challenges the traditional mass communication research . The study of the new communication technology is brought back to the scene of daily life . The research uses the research field of anthropology , focuses on the audience , uses the interaction between situation and technology and their interaction with the larger social environment . Information transmission technology is embedded in the social life . This kind of technical social space forms a real node of " information society " .

This paper attempts to demonstrate the complexity and richness of Chinese Internet cafes as a global concept ( Internet access ) . The paper tries to demonstrate the complexity and richness of Chinese Internet cafes as a global concept ( Internet access ) .
In addition to the market , government regulation is another important external force in the development and evolution of China ' s Internet cafes , which has changed continuously in the form of encouragement , policy control , high pressure control , game negotiation , intervention mode and operation form of political power .

Internet bar consumer plays another important construction force , consumer composition , consumption behavior and motivation change , continuously impact on the construction and reconstruction of Internet bar space , reflects the growing acceleration of the urbanization process of China . The research finds that Internet bar users are concentrated in young people . They are not only used in information transmission technology in the daily consumption scene , but also used in the space itself .

The study shows that Chinese Internet cafes have many functions , such as communication , entertainment , social and so on , and mix these functions together to generate a special technical social space of the Internet . Although the behaviors of users of Internet cafes appear to be different from the surface , they are closely related to the evaluation of information and communication technologies . Through comparison with social capital , this study creatively puts forward the concept of capital , which is considered to have the scarcity and value of general capital , which has profound significance to individuals .
Internet cafes provide the possibility of bridging the " digital divide " for the low - class private capital access in China ;
At the same time , this " possibility " of capital capital is weak in the face of a more difficult social predicament , for individuals as if " catalysts " generally require synergy with other capital .

The vacillation between the individual ' s decision to go or not to the Internet is influenced not only by various structural factors in the period of China ' s transformation , but also with the action of the individual and how to make the action . The research believes that the interaction between the individual , technology and space has rich theoretical potential and practical significance from the angle of daily use of the individual today , which is mediated by the information transmission technology .
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F719.5

【参考文献】