传统文化产业化发展及其市场失灵问题探究

发布时间：2019-06-25 19:27

【摘要】：在中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制改革中，文化作为一种特殊产品也没有能避开市场经济体制对它的冲击，尤其自二十世纪九十年代以来，文化产业在中国更是得到了快速的发展。而作为文化的一个重要分支的中国传统文化在文化走产业化发展道路的大趋势中，也不能回避自身发展的产业化。中国传统文化是一种非常特殊的社会变量，原因就在于它既具有物质性，又具有精神性。它的物质性是它走产业化发展道路的基础所在，也表现出它对一个社会丰厚的经济效应。而它的精神性主要体现在它的社会功能中。所以，一方面，中国传统文化的物质性让它走上了产业化发展道路；另一方面，中国传统文化的精神性中所蕴含的厚重的社会价值是它在产业化过程中产生市场失灵问题的根由所在。中国传统文化在产业化发展过程中，一方面推动了经济的增长，促进了中国传统文化的保护。而另方一面也产生了很多的负面问题，比如中国珍贵的物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产在产业化冲击下面临损毁乃至绝迹的威胁，再比如以传统文化为基础的旅游产业门票定制普遍较高，而且旅游产业在全国的发展也很不平衡，还有在古玩和拍卖市场中也存在很多假货充斥，价格虚高的信息不对称难题。诸如此类事实，不能一一列举。这些具体的负面事实，都是中国传统文化在产业化的过程中，出现市场失灵的结果。凡事有果必有因。探究中国传统文化产业化发展过程出现的负面问题的根由，主要有以下几个方面：第一，传统文化厚重的社会价值，使得它天生具有了公共性和外部性特征，公共性和外部性也导致了对传统文化市场需求不足，出现市场失灵；第二，在中国，传统文化资源属于国家所有，这就导致了对传统文化资源的垄断，这种垄断直接导致了对传统文化定价过程中的非竞争性，出现了垄断性市场失灵；第三，在中国的古玩和拍卖市场中存在着严重的信息不对称问题，信息不对称也直接导致了市场配置的低效率。对于这些市场失灵问题，，主要从两个方面进行治理：其一，采用经济手段，用资源捆绑集合开发的办法解决传统文化的公共性和外部性市场失灵，用合理的定价方法来解决中国传统文化的垄断性市场失灵；其二，配之以适当的非经济手段，采用以下四种对策：第一，政府应对传统文化资源的开发做好科学规划和布局；第二，合理地引入私人资金采取多种资金运营体制；第三，健全和加强法制建设；第四，促进教育和中国传统文化的整合。总之，中国传统文化在产业化发展过程中的市场失灵问题是一个很大的课题，有待于进一步地去研究。
[Abstract]:In the reform of socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics, culture, as a special product, has not been able to avoid the impact of market economy system, especially since the 1990s, cultural industry has been developed rapidly in China. As an important branch of culture, Chinese traditional culture can not avoid the industrialization of its own development in the general trend of industrialization of culture. Chinese traditional culture is a very special social variable, the reason is that it is both material and spiritual. Its materiality is the basis of its industrialization development road, and it also shows its rich economic effect on a society. Its spirituality is mainly reflected in its social function. Therefore, on the one hand, the materiality of Chinese traditional culture makes it embark on the road of industrialization development; on the other hand, the heavy social value contained in the spirit of Chinese traditional culture is the root cause of its market failure in the process of industrialization. In the process of industrialization, Chinese traditional culture, on the one hand, promotes the economic growth and promotes the protection of Chinese traditional culture. On the other hand, there are also many negative problems, such as China's precious material and intangible cultural heritage facing the threat of damage or even extinction under the impact of industrialization, and for example, the ticket customization of the tourism industry based on traditional culture is generally high, and the development of the tourism industry in the whole country is also very uneven, as well as in the antiques and auction markets, there are also a lot of fake goods. The information asymmetry problem of high price. Such facts cannot be enumerated. These specific negative facts are the result of market failure in the process of industrialization of Chinese traditional culture. Every thing has a result, there must be a reason. To explore the root causes of the negative problems in the process of industrialization of Chinese traditional culture, there are the following aspects: first, the heavy social value of traditional culture makes it naturally have the characteristics of publicity and externality, publicity and externality also lead to insufficient demand for traditional culture market and market failure; Second, in China, traditional cultural resources belong to the state, which leads to the monopoly of traditional cultural resources, which directly leads to the non-competitive pricing process of traditional culture, resulting in monopoly market failure; third, there is a serious problem of information asymmetry in China's antiques and auction markets, and information asymmetry also directly leads to the low efficiency of market allocation. For these market failures, we mainly deal with them from two aspects: first, we use economic means to solve the public and external market failures of traditional culture by means of resource bundling and collective development, and use reasonable pricing methods to solve the monopoly market failure of Chinese traditional culture; Second, with appropriate non-economic means, the following four countermeasures should be adopted: first, the government should do a good job in the scientific planning and layout of the development of traditional cultural resources; second, reasonably introduce private funds to adopt a variety of capital operation systems; third, improve and strengthen the construction of the legal system; fourth, promote the integration of education and Chinese traditional culture. In a word, the market failure of Chinese traditional culture in the process of industrialization development is a great subject, which needs to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G124

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