脲醛及蜜胺树脂多孔材料的制备及应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 10:07

本文关键词：脲醛及蜜胺树脂多孔材料的制备及应用研究　出处：《齐鲁工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：脲醛树脂和蜜胺(三聚氰胺-甲醛)树脂是两种最简单的氨基树脂,具有生产成本低、工艺简单,产品阻燃性能好,热稳定性优异等优点,现广泛地应用于涂料、粘接剂、模塑品、餐具、电器制品等领域。本文以脲醛树脂和蜜胺树脂为基体,根据致孔剂在水、树脂、有机溶剂中的溶解度不同的原理,设计出了溶解度差异法制备脲醛及蜜胺树脂多孔材料。我们提出的溶解度差异法与传统多孔材料的制备方法相比具有以下优点：(1)致孔剂无需被制备成特定的形状与尺寸,直接将其溶解于有机溶剂如丙酮、无水乙醇中,然后加入树脂溶液中,致孔剂由于溶解度的突然降低,在树脂体系中析出晶状颗粒,树脂固化后,将致孔剂移除达到致孔的目的；(2)致孔剂可以回收和重复利用,将致孔剂用有机溶剂移除后,从有机溶剂中分离出来,致孔剂和有机溶剂可以循环使用；(3)多孔材料的制备过程中不产生废酸废碱,不仅降低了生产成本,而且绿色环保；(4)由于不使用强酸强碱来移除致孔剂,所以制备出的多孔树脂材料中含有大量的胺基与亚胺基等活性官能团,有利于多孔材料的接枝改性及实际应用。本文以制备出的脲醛及蜜胺树脂多孔材料为吸附剂,进行吸附重金属离子研究。研究表明,蜜胺与脲醛树脂多孔材料对镉离子的吸附过程符合Langmuir和pseudo-second-order模型。多种干扰例子如Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ), Na+和K+等的存在对多孔氨基树脂材料移除镉离子的影响很小,并且,蜜胺与脲醛树脂多孔材料对Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ)也具有良好的吸附能力和移除率,除此之外,蜜胺与脲醛树脂多孔材料在经过多次循环使用后依然对镉离子具有良好的移除率和吸附能力。此外,本论文内容还包括蜜胺树脂微球的制备,传统微球的制备过程中使用了大量的分散剂、乳化剂等表面活性剂,但在后续处理过程中难以完全去除,仍有大量表面活性剂包覆在微球表面,影响微球的接枝改性及应用。本论文在不使用表面活性剂下制备出表面光滑、尺寸均一可控的蜜胺树脂微球,并且考察了反应物摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度、原料与水的比例等影响因素对微球形貌、尺寸等性质的影响,所制备出的微球在催化剂载体、吸附等领域具有重大的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Urea formaldehyde resin and melamine (melamine formaldehyde resin) is the two most simple amino resin, has low production cost, simple process, good flame retardant products, excellent thermal stability and other advantages, is widely used in coating, adhesive, molding, tableware, products and other fields. In this paper, UF appliances resin and melamine resin as the base, according to the porogen in water, resin, principle of different solubility in organic solvents, designed by amine resin porous material of urea formaldehyde and honey solubility difference method. The difference of solubility method and traditional porous materials for our proposed method compared with the following advantages: (1 porogen) do not need to be prepared into specific shape and size, it directly dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and then adding the resin solution and porogen due to sudden drop in solubility of resin system precipitated crystalline particles, After the resin curing, the porogen removal reached porogenated; (2) porogen can be recycled and reused, the porogen with organic solvent removed, separated from the organic solvent can be recycled, porogenic agent and organic solvent; (3) the preparation does not produce waste in the process of acid and alkali from porous materials, not only reduces the production cost, and environmental protection; (4) the use of acid alkali to remove porogen, so prepared porous resin material contains a large number of amino and imino functional groups, with and actual application of grafting for porous materials. In this paper, the prepared urea formaldehyde and melamine resin porous materials as adsorbent, the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The results show that the adsorption process of melamine and urea formaldehyde resin porous materials for cadmium ion with Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model. A variety of interference (for example Pb II), Cu (II), Cr (III), Na+ and K+ influence on porous amino resin material removal of cadmium ions is very small, and the melamine and urea formaldehyde resin porous materials of Pb (II), Cu (II), Cr (III) also has good adsorption ability and removal rate, in addition, melamine and urea formaldehyde resin in porous materials through the cycle of repeated use of cadmium ions still has good removal rate and adsorption capacity. In addition, this paper also includes the melamine resin microspheres, large amounts of dispersant use the traditional preparation process of microspheres, emulsifier the surface active agent, but in the subsequent treatment process is difficult to be removed completely, there are still a lot of surfactant coated on the surface of microspheres, microspheres effect of grafting modification and application. In this paper, without the use of surfactants was prepared with melamine resin microspheres with smooth surface, uniform size and controllable, and the effects of the reactant The molar ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature, ratio of raw material and water factors on the influence of the size of microspheres morphology, properties of the prepared microspheres in the catalyst carrier, has important application prospect of adsorption and other fields.

【学位授予单位】：齐鲁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.4

【共引文献】