含碳酸钙油田污泥在阻燃EVA复合材料中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 12:34

本文关键词：含碳酸钙油田污泥在阻燃EVA复合材料中的应用研究　出处：《青岛科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究在系统地分析总结油田污泥的特性和国内外综合利用现状,以及固体废弃物用作阻燃剂的研究现状基础上,开展了含碳酸钙油田污泥应用到阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料中。利用EDS、元素分析、ICP-AES和XRD测试对含碳酸钙油泥的成分和结构进行了分析,通过选用合适的复配阻燃剂提高复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能。采用熔融共混的方式制备了EVA/OS和EVA/OS/协效剂阻燃复合材料,并采用极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形量热仪测试(CCT)、扫描电镜(SEM)、烟密度测试(SDT)、热失重—傅立叶变换红外光谱联用仪(TG-FTIR)等手段探究了EVA/OS和EVA/OS/协效剂阻燃复合材料的燃烧特性、抑烟特性以及热降解性能。研究的主要结果如下：1、研究了含碳酸钙油田污泥与含磷化合物协同阻燃EVA的性质。分别将聚磷酸铵(APP)、微囊包覆红磷(RP)、新型氮磷阻燃剂(N-P)、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐(MPP)与油田污泥(OS)复配,与EVA制备成复合材料,研究了复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能以及四种含磷化合物协同阻燃EVA的效果比较。研究发现：纯EVA的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)为2016.5 kW/m2,添加50wt%油泥后,EVA/OS复合材料的PHRR为450.6 kW/m2；当添加5wt%的APP, EVA/OS/APP复合材料的PHRR最低,仅为284.8 kW/m2;添加3wt%的RP,EVA/OS/RP复合材料的热释放速率最低,为286.2 kW/m2；添加5wt%的N-P时,EVA/OS/N-P复合材料的热释放速率降低为318.3 kW/m2；添加5wt%MPP时,IEVA/OS/N-P复合材料的PHRR为389.3 kW/m2。选择适合的添加比例,四种含磷化合物均能有效提高复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能；当四种含磷化合物的添加量均为1wt%时,四种含磷化合物对于复合材料的协同阻燃效果不同,其中微囊包覆红磷对于复合材料的协同阻燃效果最佳。2、研究了含碳酸钙油田污泥与炭黑、石墨协同阻燃EVA的性质。将它们与含碳酸钙油田污泥按不同比例复配,然后与EVA制备成复合材料,研究了复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能。研究发现：当添加3wt%的炭黑时,EVA/OS/CB复合材料的PHRR为251.1 kW/m2；当添加9wt%石墨粉时,复合材料的PHRR仅为229.8kW/m2。添加适当比例的炭黑(CB)、石墨(GP)均可以显著提高EVA/OS复合材料的阻燃、抑烟性能及热降解性能。3、研究了含碳酸油田污泥与气相白炭黑(Si02)协同阻燃EVA的性质。将气象白炭黑与含碳酸钙油田污泥按不同比例复配,然后与EVA制备成成复合材料,研究了复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能。研究发现,添加5wt%的气象白炭黑时,复合材料的PHRR降低到363.5 kW/m2。当添加适当比例的气象白炭黑时,能有效提高EVA复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能。4、本论文通过含碳酸钙油田污泥作为阻燃剂应用到EVA材料中的研究,不但为难以处置的油田污泥资源化利用提供了一种有效的途径,同时证实了油田污泥作为阻燃剂应用到EVA材料中的可行性,而且含碳酸钙油田污泥作为阻燃剂拥有成本低廉、效果显著的优势。
[Abstract]:This study is based on the systematic analysis and summary of the characteristics of oilfield sludge and the status of comprehensive utilization at home and abroad, as well as the research status of solid waste as flame retardant. Calcium carbonate oil sludge was applied to flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites. EDS was used for element analysis. The composition and structure of calcium carbonate sludge were analyzed by ICP-AES and XRD tests. The flame retardant of the composite was improved by selecting suitable flame retardant. Smoke suppression and thermal degradation properties. Flame retardant composites of EVA/OS and EV / OS / synergist were prepared by melt blending, and the limiting oxygen index (loi) was used. Conical calorimeter (CCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and smoke density test (SDT). The combustion characteristics of EVA/OS and Evo / OS / synergist flame retardant composites were investigated by thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The main results are as follows: 1. The properties of calcium carbonate oil sludge and phosphorous compound synergistic flame retardant EVA were studied. The composite materials were prepared by microencapsulation of RPX, a new type of N-P flame retardant, melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) and oil field sludge (EVA). The flame retardancy of composites was studied. The smoke inhibition and thermal degradation properties and the synergistic effect of four phosphate compounds on flame retardant EVA were compared. It was found that the peak heat release rate of pure EVA was 2016.5 kW/m2. The PHRR of EVA / OS composite after adding 50 wt% oil sludge is 450.6 kW / m2; When 5 wt% APP was added, the PHRR of EVA/OS/APP composite was the lowest (284.8 kW / m2). The heat release rate of RPV EVA / OS / RP composites with 3wt% was the lowest (286.2 kW / m2). The heat release rate of EVA / OS- / N-P composites decreased to 318.3 kW / m2 when 5 wt% N-P was added. The PHRR of IEVA / OSP / N-P composite is 389.3 kW / m2 when MPP is added. Four phosphate compounds can effectively improve the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and thermal degradation of the composites. The synergistic flame-retardant effect of the four phosphate compounds was different when the content of four phosphate compounds was 1 wt%, and the synergistic flame-retardant effect of microencapsulated red phosphorus was the best. 2. The properties of calcium carbonate oil field sludge, carbon black and graphite synergistic flame retardant EVA were studied. The composite materials were prepared by blending them with calcium carbonate oilfield sludge in different proportion and then with EVA. The flame retardancy, smoke suppression and thermal degradation of the composites were studied. It was found that the PHRR of EVA / OS / CB composite was 251.1 kW / m2 when the carbon black was added for 3 wt%. When 9 wt% graphitic powder was added, the PHRR of the composite was only 229.8 kW / m2. The appropriate proportion of carbon black was added. The flame retardancy, smoke inhibition and thermal degradation of EVA/OS composites were improved significantly. The properties of synergistic flame-retardant EVA between carbonated oilfield sludge and gas-phase silica (Si02) were studied. The mixture of meteorological silica and Caco _ 3 sludge in different proportion was studied. The flame retardancy, smoke suppression and thermal degradation of the composites were studied. It was found that 5 wt% meteorological silica was added to the composites. The PHRR of the composites decreased to 363.5 kW / m2. When the proper proportion of meteorological silica was added, the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and thermal degradation properties of the EVA composites could be improved effectively. In this paper, the application of calcium carbonate oilfield sludge as a flame retardant to EVA materials, not only for the difficult to dispose of oilfield sludge resource utilization provided an effective way. At the same time, the feasibility of application of oilfield sludge as flame retardant to EVA material is confirmed, and the advantages of low cost and remarkable effect of using oil sludge containing calcium carbonate as flame retardant are proved.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332;X741

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