基于HMX与AP纳米复合含能材料的制备及表征

发布时间：2018-01-06 00:10

  本文关键词：基于HMX与AP纳米复合含能材料的制备及表征　出处：《西南科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： HMX/AP/EP AP/EP 纳米复合材料 三维网络结构 优异性能

【摘要】：纳米复合含能材料具有优异的性能,广泛用于固体推进剂及其他军事领域,但目前多以惰性材料为基底,降低复合材料体系能量。本文以含能聚合物(Energetic Polymer, EP)为基底,利用其独特的三维纳米网孔结构,制备出HMX/AP/EP以及AP/EP纳米复合含能材料,并对其结构及性能进行研究。所制备的材料具有三维纳米网格结构,可解决纳米材料团聚问题,并可克服目前纳米复合含能材料惰性基底带来的能量损失。借助纳米尺度HMX. AP及EP三者之间的协同效应,显著改善材料的热性能和机械性能,获得一种综合性能优异的高能低感复合含能材料。该材料有望在新型固体推进剂和发射药等军事领域得到广泛应用。论文主要研究内容如下：(1) HMX/AP/EP的制备与表征。采用简单的共沉淀法与冷冻干燥法,以EP为基底物制备出纳米复合含能材料HMX/AP/EP,通过SEM、EDS、FTIR、 BET、XRD、 IC对其结构及组成进行表征。结果表明,EP含量可有效控制在6%左右,HMX与AP均匀的沉积在EP纳米网络结构上,其粒径在50-200nm左右,通过改变HMX、AP质量比可以有效调节复合材料的氧平衡。EP比表面积由34.7m2g-1降低至10.3m2g-1,孔径大小由3-90 nm降到2---40 nm,三者通过分子间相互作用力成功复合在一起,具有良好的相容性。通过感度、DSC-TG测试,结果表明复合材料的分解温度大大提前,具有较好的热性能。同时,纳米复合材料能有效提高整个体系能量,最高可达2570J/g,还能显著降低含能材料的撞击感度,从而获得一种高能低感的含能材料。(2) AP/EP的制备与表征。采用简单的共沉淀法与冷冻干燥法,以EP为基底物制备出纳米复合含能材料AP/EP,通过SEM、 EDS、 FTIR、 XRD、IC对样品的结构与组分进行了分析,结果表明AP与EP成功实现分子水平复合,并获得均一的纳米网络结构,AP多以沉积方式负载在EP网孔结构中,其晶粒度均在100nm以下。对样品进行DSC-TG测试和热动力学计算,结果表明,复合含能材料的热分解活化能EaI,为148 KJ/mol,Ea2为384 KJ/mol。AP与EP的复合促进了AP的快速分解,分解温度提前大约50℃。复合材料热稳定性显著提高,整个体系能量也大大增加。同时对复合材料的爆轰性能进行预测,其理论计算值表明,复合材料具有优异的爆轰性能(爆速6523 mm/μs;爆压20.2GPa)。EP作为一种三维网络结构的含能基底,具有优异的机械性能与热性能,可将其与含能材料复合制备出一系列的纳米复合材料,不仅能提高体系能量水平,还可赋予含能材料新的性能。
[Abstract]:Nano-composite energetic materials have excellent properties and are widely used in solid propellant and other military fields, but at present most of them are based on inert materials. In order to reduce the energy of the composite system, the energetic polymer energy polymer (EP) was used as the substrate, and its unique three-dimensional nano-net pore structure was used. HMX/AP/EP and AP/EP nano-composite energetic materials were prepared, and their structures and properties were studied. The prepared materials have three-dimensional nano-grid structure, which can solve the problem of nano-material agglomeration. It can overcome the energy loss caused by the inert substrates of nano-composite energetic materials and improve the thermal and mechanical properties of nano-scale HMX.AP and EP by virtue of the synergistic effect of HMX.AP and EP. A high energy and low sensitivity composite energetic material with excellent comprehensive properties is obtained. The material is expected to be widely used in military fields such as new solid propellants and propellants. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1). Preparation and characterization of HMX/AP/EP. Simple coprecipitation and freeze-drying methods were used. The nano-composite energetic material HMX / AP / EP was prepared by using EP as substrate, and the XRD was obtained by SEMX EDS FTIR and BET-XRD. The structure and composition were characterized by IC. The results show that the content of HMXs can be effectively controlled at about 6% and the homogeneous deposition of AP and HMXs on the network structure of EP. Its particle size is about 50-200 nm, by changing HMX. The mass ratio of AP can effectively adjust the oxygen balance and the specific surface area of EP from 34.7m2g-1 to 10.3m2g-1. The pore size was reduced from 3-90 nm to 2--40 nm. The three were successfully combined by intermolecular interaction and had good compatibility. The sensitivity was measured by DSC-TG. The results show that the decomposition temperature of the composites is much earlier and the thermal properties of the composites are better. At the same time, the nanocomposites can effectively improve the energy of the whole system, up to 2570 J / g. The impingement sensitivity of energetic materials can also be significantly reduced, and a kind of high-energy and low-sensitive energetic material. 2) AP/EP can be prepared and characterized by simple coprecipitation and freeze-drying methods. The nanocomposite energetic material AP / EP was prepared by EP as substrate. The structure and composition of the sample were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIRand XRDIC. The results show that AP and EP have been successfully recombined at molecular level, and uniform nano-network structure has been obtained. The grain sizes are below 100nm. The results of DSC-TG test and thermodynamics calculation show that the activation energy of thermal decomposition of the composite energetic materials is 148 KJ/mol. The composite of Ea2 384 KJ/mol.AP and EP promoted the rapid decomposition of AP, and the decomposition temperature was about 50 鈩，

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