丙烯酸树脂微球化学镀镍的制备工艺研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 15:20

  本文关键词：丙烯酸树脂微球化学镀镍的制备工艺研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 丙烯酸树脂微球 核壳材料 化学镀镍 粗化

【摘要】：目前为止,在一些如铜、铁、钢铁等具有自催化性质的基体上的化学镀镍工艺已经十分成熟,并且已得到广泛应用。但在如高分子粉体材料这些难镀基体上的化学镀镍仍有很多问题需要突破,如结合力、镀层致密度、导电性、耐磨性、耐热性等。高分子粉体复合材料又称为核-壳材料,其中一种是高分子材料为壳,金属材料为核,另一种是金属材料包覆高分子核。前者在早期研究中研究较多,主要用于生物医学方面,后者在近十年受到人们的广泛关注。高分子粉体材料经过金属化后可以获得金属材料的导电性、磁性、催化性等,还可以同时具有高分子材料质量轻、可塑性强、保色性好等优点,可应用到军事、医学、电子、化工等各个方面,是近来复合材料研究中的一大热门。目前,采用化学镀法对塑料粉末进行金属化的研究报道已有很多,但关于化学镀中粗化条件的深入研究还比较少。本文采用化学镀工艺在丙烯酸树脂微球表面包覆一层金属镍,以获得一种轻质吸波涂层材料。由于非金属在化学镀镍液中不具备自催化活性,因而要获得与非金属基体结合良好的镀层,必须对基体表面进行特殊处理。本题中将丙烯酸树脂微球在水性条件下通过化学除油和粗化处理后,获得一定的亲水性,然后在氯化亚锡和氯化钯的盐酸溶液中进行敏化、活化处理,最后在镀镍液中成功得到镍包覆层。本实验通过激光粒度仪,比表面积(BET),傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM、BSE),谱分析(EDS)等分析方法对微球表面及镀层进行了分析。课题研究发现采用铬酸溶液对丙烯酸树脂微球的最佳粗化温度是70℃,粗化时间为60～90min。该过程对微球表面化学组成没有影响。对预处理之后的丙烯酸树脂微球进行化学镀镍,化学镀镍在反应温度大于30℃时才可以发生,随化学镀温度的升高和粗化时间的延长,化学镀开始时间加快,丙烯酸树脂微球表面缺陷增加、变小,且分布更均匀,微球表面沉积镍粒子粒径减小,得到的镀层更光滑、致密度更高,基体与镀层结合力增强,同一时间内可以得到更厚的镍镀层。当化学镀温度高于60℃时,镀液中生大产量游离镍粉,使镀液稳定性会遭到破坏。弱碱性条件下最佳的化学镀镍温度为40～50℃。
[Abstract]:Up to now, the electroless nickel plating process on some self-catalytic substrates such as copper, iron and steel has been very mature. And it has been widely used. However, there are still many problems in electroless nickel plating such as polymer powder materials, such as adhesion, coating density, electrical conductivity, wear resistance. High molecular powder composite is also called core-shell material, one of which is polymer material as shell and metal material as core. The former is mainly used in biomedical research. The latter has been widely concerned in the past decade. After metallization, the polymer powder materials can obtain the electrical conductivity, magnetic properties and catalytic properties of metal materials, and can also have light weight of polymer materials at the same time. It can be applied to military, medical, electronic, chemical and other fields. It is a hot topic in the research of composite materials recently. There are many reports on metallization of plastic powder by electroless plating. However, the coarsening conditions in electroless plating are less studied. In this paper, a layer of nickel is coated on the surface of acrylic resin microspheres by electroless plating. In order to obtain a kind of light-weight microwave absorbing coating material, the non-metal coating has no self-catalytic activity in the electroless nickel plating solution, so it is necessary to obtain a coating with good binding to the non-metallic substrate. The surface of the matrix must be treated specially. In this paper, the acrylic resin microspheres were treated by chemical deoiling and coarsening under the condition of water, and the hydrophilic properties of the microspheres were obtained. Then it was sensitized and activated in stannous chloride and palladium chloride hydrochloric acid solution. Finally, nickel coating was successfully obtained in nickel plating solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum coarsening temperature of acrylic resin microspheres by chromic acid solution was found to be 70 鈩，

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