微纳米磁性铁氧体与破乳剂的复合粒子的可控制备与机理研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 12:09

  本文关键词：微纳米磁性铁氧体与破乳剂的复合粒子的可控制备与机理研究　出处：《济南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 破乳剂 破乳性能 磁性颗粒 复合

【摘要】：石油作为最重要的能源之一,是不可再生性资源,因此对于石油的开采和利用受到各国高度重视。石油从地下开采出来后,含有大量的水、无机盐、固体颗粒等,目前由于三次采油技术的使用,原油中除含有地下水外还有注入的水,导致开采出来的石油含水量高达80-90%,这给石油的运输和提炼均造成了很大的困难和成本的消耗,因此对于石油破乳的脱水脱盐是非常关键的一步。石油破乳的方法很多,如物理破乳法、化学破乳法以及微生物破乳法等,目前使用最多最广泛的是化学破乳的方法,是指向原油中加入化学破乳剂进行破乳。本文首先合成了两类破乳剂,一是以D-葡萄糖、烷基胺为主要原料,采用两步法合成了乙氧基化的葡萄糖胺系破乳剂,二是以DETA作为受体在催化剂条件下与不同量的环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷单体反应成功合成了分子量分别为3000和1800的二乙烯三胺系破乳剂。通过FTIR、XRD等测试手段对产物的结构进行了表征,推出所合成的化合物与所需要的结构相同。为了评价二者的破乳性能,我们模拟配制原油乳状液,并且利用所合成的破乳剂进行破乳处理,通过结果发现,二乙烯三胺系破乳剂的破乳效果比乙氧基化的葡萄糖胺系破乳剂的破乳效果好,并且当破乳温度为60℃,加入二乙烯三胺系破乳剂的浓度为100 ppm时,分子量为3000和分子量为1800的二乙烯三胺系破乳剂均有很高的破乳率。基于所合成的破乳剂,为了提高它们的破乳率,我们采用表面接枝聚合法对其进行改性。首先我们探讨了氧化铁的各种合成方法,通过比较,选出了一种较为简单且合成磁性纳米颗粒均一分散性好的方法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,然后分别选用甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷和缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷作为表面接枝聚合法的偶联剂,复合纳米Fe3O4颗粒与原油破乳剂,然后对复合的产物进行破乳性能评价,得出当破乳温度为60℃,二乙烯三胺系破乳剂的浓度为100 ppm,有很高的破乳率,并且高于未复合的二乙烯三胺系破乳剂。另外我们探讨了采用多种方法复合有机物和无机物,有直接分散法、原位生成法、表面接枝聚合法等。选用Fe3O4纳米颗粒和乳化剂作为原料合成稠油降粘固体乳化剂,得到了Fe3O4/OP-10复合产物,并且对其结构采用红外,热重,拉曼,电镜,XRD衍射等技术进行表征,通过比较证明表面接枝聚合法复合的结果最好,即在以草酸作为催化剂,调节pH到4,偶联剂室温水解60 min,与Fe3O4纳米颗粒45℃复合1 h条件下,得到的最终产物复合效果最好并且具有很好的响磁性。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important energy sources, petroleum is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of oil is highly valued by all countries. After oil is extracted from underground, it contains a lot of water and inorganic salt. Solid particles and so on, because of the use of tertiary oil recovery technology, crude oil contains not only groundwater but also injected water, resulting in the oil water content of 80-90%. This has caused great difficulty and cost consumption to the transportation and refining of oil, so dehydration and desalination of oil demulsification is a very important step. There are many methods of oil demulsification, such as physical demulsification. Chemical demulsification and microbial demulsification are the most widely used methods, which point to the addition of chemical demulsifiers to crude oil. In this paper, two kinds of demulsifiers were synthesized. First, the ethoxylated glucosamine demulsifier was synthesized by two-step method using D-glucose and alkylamine as the main raw materials. On the other hand, diethylenetriamine demulsifiers with molecular weight 3000 and 1800 were successfully synthesized by the reaction of DETA with different amounts of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide monomers under the condition of catalyst. TIR. The structure of the product was characterized by XRD, and the structure of the synthesized compound was the same as that of the required one. In order to evaluate their demulsification performance, we simulated the preparation of crude oil emulsion. The results showed that the demulsifying effect of diethylenetriamine demulsifier was better than that of ethoxylated glucosamine demulsifier. And when the demulsifying temperature is 60 鈩，

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