纳米陶瓷的研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-08 19:11

本文关键词：纳米陶瓷的研究进展　出处：《表面技术》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：纳米陶瓷是指晶界宽度、晶粒尺寸、缺陷尺寸和第二相分布都在纳米量级上的陶瓷材料,因其克服了传统陶瓷脆性较大的致命缺点,并在超塑性、铁电性能和力学性能等方面具有特殊的性能,而受到人们的广泛关注。综述了纳米陶瓷粉体的制备方法,包括物理合成与化学合成两种方式。物理合成方法消耗较大的能量且设备投资较大,因此纳米陶瓷粉体的制备以化学合成为主。在制备粉体的后期,还需通过加入分散剂和超声等方法来解决其团聚的问题。成型与烧结过程直接影响纳米陶瓷的性能。成型过程包括干法与湿法成型。干法成型简单易行,成体均匀,但容易引入杂质;而湿法成型能最大程度地减少杂质与团聚,但其工艺复杂、条件苛刻。烧结方法分无压烧结和压力烧结。在烧结过程中,如何将颗粒限制在纳米级别上成为各种技术需要攻克的难点。最后,阐述了纳米陶瓷的力学性能、铁电性能和超塑性,并简要介绍其在防护与涂层、生物医学材料和器具等方面的应用与创新。
[Abstract]:Nanocrystalline ceramics are ceramic materials whose grain boundary width, grain size, defect size and second phase distribution are in nanometer order of magnitude, because of overcoming the fatal disadvantage of traditional ceramic brittleness and superplasticity. Ferroelectric and mechanical properties have attracted wide attention due to their special properties. The preparation methods of nano-ceramic powders are reviewed in this paper. Physical synthesis and chemical synthesis. The physical synthesis method consumes a lot of energy and the equipment investment is large, so the preparation of nano-ceramic powder is mainly chemical synthesis, in the later stage of powder preparation. It is also necessary to solve the problem of agglomeration by adding dispersant and ultrasonic. The molding and sintering process directly affect the properties of nano-ceramics. The molding process includes dry and wet molding. Dry molding is simple and easy. Uniform adult, but easy to introduce impurities; The wet molding can reduce the impurity and agglomeration to the greatest extent, but the process is complicated and the conditions are harsh. The sintering method is pressureless sintering and pressure-sintered. How to limit the particles at the nanometer level is a difficult problem for various technologies. Finally, the mechanical properties, ferroelectric properties and superplasticity of nano-ceramics are expounded, and their protection and coating are briefly introduced. Application and innovation of biomedical materials and instruments.
【作者单位】：西南技术工程研究所;
【分类号】：TG174.453
【正文快照】： Received:2017-03-01;Revised:2017-04-15纳米科技是21世纪最重要的科学技术之一,由于其广泛的应用及重要价值,吸引了人们的关注与深入研究。应运而生的纳米材料在电学、力学、磁学与光学上,具有独特的性能,通常具有表面效应、小尺寸效应、量子尺寸效应和量子隧道效应。纳米材

【参考文献】