纺织品与复合材料低速冲击性能的标准化测试研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:04

本文关键词：纺织品与复合材料低速冲击性能的标准化测试研究　出处：《上海工程技术大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着高空坠物、交通事故等人身安全事故的频发,低速冲击类防护装备的研究与开发成为纺织品与复合材料领域的一个研究热点。传统的冲击测试仪器局限于材料本身的冲击损伤或破坏相关指标的检测,尚难以实现人体防护的完备指标测试。为此,上海工程技术大学和莱州电子仪器有限公司合作研制SHLJ-LSIT-01型低速冲击测试仪用于纺织品与复合材料的低速冲击性能表征,该仪器能检测低速冲击作用时防护材料对被防护对象的防护效果,并实时记录表征低速冲击性能的各项指标。由于该装置尚处于工业化应用的初级阶段,相关的检测指标和测试方法仍需完善,需要制定一套相对科学的、合理的标准化的测试方法,并对相关测试指标进行深入的系统性研究。本课题从测试条件、样品归类、辅助材料的选择、测试方法等方面开展冲击试验、理论分析和实验论证,尝试建立纺织品与复合材料低速冲击性能的标准化测试方法,并基于该测试方法对经编间隔织物的压缩性能和冲击防护性能进行系统性表征和研究分析。本论文的主要研究内容包括四个方面:(1)在前期设计完成的新型冲击防护检测仪器的基础上,提出可用于冲击防护测试的6个检测指标:“剩余冲击载荷”、“峰值持续时间”、“冲击加速度峰值”、“材料破损情况”、“系统吸收能量”和“材料吸收能量”,该六项指标可作为表征材料的冲击隔离防护能力的常用检测项;(2)以测试标准化为目的,研究了样品尺寸、硅胶缓冲层厚度变化与剩余冲击载荷之间的关系。在本论文的实验条件下,得到如下的实验结果:一般柔性材料尺寸增加或减小对剩余冲击载荷值影响不大,而刚性材料尺寸改变会导致剩余冲击载荷发生变化,当正方形的刚性材料的边长增加到10cm时,剩余载荷值随尺寸增加变化趋缓,为便于实验操作,本论文的样品规格统一设定为边长为10cm的正方形;硅胶缓冲层的尺寸变化和层数增减都会对剩余冲击载荷测试数据产生影响,但对于定性比较试验而言,硅胶缓冲层的改变不会对实验结果产生实质性的影响,因此基于保护传感器的目的,本论文的冲击测试至少添加一层边长为12cm的正方形硅胶缓冲层。(3)根据纺织品和复合材料的低速冲击特性,通过聚类分析(SPSS软件)对测试材料进行样品分类。纺织品可分为两类,第一类以机织物、针织物、无纺布为代表的二维纺织品,第二类为以多层机织物、多层针织物、多层无纺布、羊毛毡、经编间隔织物为代表的准三维纺织品;复合材料分为三类:第一类为刚性复合材料、双刚性面叠层复合材料,第二类为柔性复合材料、双柔性面叠层复合材料,第三类为柔刚各一面的复合材料。通过对样品的分类管理,设定和完善适用于各个类别的测试方法,从而实现了对相关测试方法的规范标准化。文中根据各种类材料冲击测试过程中存在的问题提出解决方案,通过实验验证准确性和合理性,分类制定了适合于各种纺织品和复合材料的测试方法。(4)基于标准化测试方法,对经编间隔织物的压缩性能与冲击防护性能关系进行了研究。通过低速冲击实验,发现经编间隔织物的压缩性能与其低速冲击防护性能具有相关性,经多元线性回归建立了压缩弹性压缩模量等参数与剩余冲击载荷值的关系模型,结果表明此模型可有效预测试样弹性压缩模量参数与剩余冲击载荷值之间的相互关系。尝试建立经编间隔织物的冲击吸能模型,并发现:一般情况下,较低速下弹性模量小的材料冲击防护能力好,较高速下弹性模量大的材料冲击防护能力好,但不能单独以材料的弹性模量或塑性压缩表现来判断材料冲击防护能力好坏。弹性模量小、塑性压缩阶段高度低且持续时间长的织物与弹性模量大、塑性压缩阶段高的织物存在一个剩余冲击载荷值相同的冲击等价速度,冲击速度低于该速度时,弹性模量小的材料剩余冲击载荷值小,高于该速度时弹性模量大的材料剩余冲击载荷值小,适当改造材料压缩特性可提高其低速冲击防护能力。
[Abstract]:With falling objects, frequent traffic accidents and personal safety accidents, the research and development of low impact class protective equipment has become a hot research topic in the field of textile and composite materials. The impact of the traditional instrument detection limits to the material itself impact damage or failure related indicators, it is difficult to achieve complete test body protection. Therefore, characterization of the Shanghai University of Engineering Science and the Laizhou Electronic Instrument Co. Ltd. cooperation in the development of type SHLJ-LSIT-01 low velocity impact tester for textile composites with low velocity impact, the instrument can detect low velocity impact protection material of the protected object protective effect, the index and real-time recording characterization of low velocity impact performance. Because the device is still in the primary stage in industrial application, testing indicators and related test methods still need to improve, need to develop a set of Science The standard test method of reasonable, and in-depth and systemic study on the related test index. From the test condition, sample classification, auxiliary material selection, testing method of impact test, theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration, try a standardized test method of establishing textile composite material with low velocity impact the performance, and based on the test method of spacer compression performance and impact protective performance of fabric for the systematic characterization and analysis. The main research contents of this thesis include the following four aspects: (1) based design model of impact protection testing instruments are finished in the early, this can be used for the impact of 6 detection index of protection test: "residual impact load", "peak duration", "shock acceleration", "material damage", "system of energy absorption and energy absorption materials", The six indexes can be used as a common test material characterization of shock isolation protection; (2) to test the standard for the purpose of sample size, the relationship between the silica buffer layer thickness changes and residual impact load. In the condition of this paper, the results are as follows: general flexible material size increase or decrease the value has little effect on the residual impact load, and the rigid material size change will lead to residual impact load change, when the length of rigid material square increased to 10cm, the remaining load value changes slowly increase with the size, in order to facilitate the experimental operation, the unified sample specifications set to the side length of 10cm square silica gel; buffer layer and layer number or size change will affect the residual impact load test data, but for the comparison of qualitative tests, no change of silica buffer layer Has a substantial effect on the experimental results, thus protect the sensor based on the purpose of this paper to add impact test at least one layer of side length of square silicone buffer layer 12cm. (3) according to the characteristics of low velocity impact textile and composite materials, through cluster analysis (SPSS software) for classification of the test samples can be divided into textile materials. The two class, first class with woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven textiles 2D as representatives of the second class to the multi-layer woven fabric, multilayer knitted fabric, multilayer non-woven fabric, wool, quasi three-dimensional textile warp knitted spacer fabric represented; composite materials are divided into three types: the first one is the rigid composite material, double rigid the surface of laminated composite materials, second kinds of flexible composite material, double flexible laminated composite material, third is just the soft side of the composite material. Through the management of the sample set, and perfect for each class The other test methods, so as to realize the related test method standard. According to the existence of various types of material impact test problems in the course of solution, through experimental verification of the rationality and accuracy of classification, to develop the test method is suitable for various kinds of fabrics and composite material. (4) standard test method based on the compression performance and the impact of warp knitted spacer fabric protective performance relationship was studied. By low velocity impact test found that the compression properties of warp knitted spacer fabrics with low velocity impact protection performance is closely related to establish the relationship model of compression modulus of elastic compression parameters and the residual value of the impact load by multiple linear regression, the results show that this model the relationship can effectively predict the elastic modulus of compression parameters and residual impact load value. Try to establish a spacer fabric impact energy absorption. Type, and found that: under normal circumstances, the lower speed of materials under impact of low elastic modulus protection capability, high speed elastic modulus of the material impact protection ability is good, but not alone with the elastic modulus of the material or plastic compression to determine the performance of material impact protection ability. Small elastic modulus, plastic compression stage low height and long duration of the fabric with high elastic modulus, plastic compression stage fabric has a high residual value impact equivalent impact load at the same speed, the impact velocity is lower than the speed, elastic modulus and small residual impact load value is small, the remaining material impact load large elastic modulus is higher than the speed when the value is small, the appropriate transformation materials can improve the compression characteristics of low velocity impact protection.

【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TS101.923;TB33

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