高性能固体浮力材料的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 13:35

本文关键词：高性能固体浮力材料的制备及性能研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类对海洋资源探索的深入和海洋探测设备的优化,固体浮力材料逐渐成为研究的重点,而以空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂制备的复合泡沫材料以其低密度、高强度性能被用作固体浮力材料。对于用作深海作业的固体浮力材料,要求其能承受一定静水压力的同时还要具有很小的密度和吸水率,这一般都是从提高空心玻璃微珠体积分数的方向上来实现：而我们在前期研究的基础之上采用真空模压技术制备了高体积分数空心玻璃微珠(体积分数为65%-70%)的复合泡沫材料,并对其结构及性能之间的关系进行规律性探索研究；继而对空心玻璃微珠体积分数为68%的复合泡沫材料进行人工造孔,以达到在保证其他性能基本不变的情况下进一步地使密度降低的效果,对人工造孔材料作性能分析,并对实际造孔材料的预期性能进行分析总结。本文采用牌号为HGS8000X的空心玻璃微珠(密度0.42g/cm3,抗压强度55.2MPa)作为轻质填充物,采用真空辅助模压成型方法在6MPa的成型压力下制备了空心玻璃微珠体积分数为65%-70%环氧树脂基复合泡沫材料；其中,当空心玻璃微珠的体积分数在67%-69%之间时,复合泡沫材料可以在较小的牺牲材料其它性能情况下有效地降低密度,其吸水率基本上小于1%；而当空心玻璃微珠的体积分数为70%时,复合泡沫材料的各类性能急剧下降；由于环氧树脂的体积分数的降低导致其相对缺失而引起的复合泡沫材料显微结构和空心玻璃微珠受力状态的改变,从而导致高体积分数空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂制备的复合泡沫材料的性能的变化。我们进一步把空心玻璃微珠体积分数为68%的复合泡沫材料作为研究对象,通过人工造孔的方式来降低材料的密度,探索造孔半径r和孔底到受压面的距离d之比(r/d)对复合泡沫材料密度、吸水率以及耐静水压性能的影响规律,并对实际材料的造孔预期性能进行分析总结：人工造孔可以在一定程度上降低材料的密度,当r/d分别为2/3、1/2和1/3时,人工造孔复合泡沫材料的密度降低；而当r/d分别为1/4和1/5时,人工造孔复合泡沫材料的密度不降反升；人工造孔复合泡沫材料经过45～80MPa,24h的静水压的条件下打压后,当r/d分别为2/3和1/2的人工造孔复合泡沫材料可以承受60MPa静水压强,而r/d为1/3的人工造孔复合泡沫材料可以承受75MPa静水压强,性能较好；通过对人工造单孔的材料性能的分析,我们构造了一个以简单立方点阵排列方式进行人工造孔的设计图,从理论上探索了设计方案的性能,并说明了相对于直接用空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂体系制备的复合泡沫材料,人工造孔复合泡沫材料在达到相同的密度可以承受比更高静水压力。
[Abstract]:With the exploration of marine resources and the optimization of marine exploration equipment, solid buoyancy materials gradually become the focus of research, and the composite foam materials filled with hollow glass beads are low density. High strength performance is used as solid buoyancy material. For the solid buoyancy material used in deep-sea operation, it is required that it can withstand a certain hydrostatic pressure, but also have a very small density and water absorption. This is generally achieved in the direction of increasing the volume fraction of hollow glass beads. On the basis of previous studies, we prepared hollow glass beads with high volume fraction (. A composite foam material with a volume fraction of 65 to 70. The relationship between structure and performance is studied. Then the hollow glass beads with volume fraction of 68% composite foam materials were artificially made to achieve the effect of further reducing the density while ensuring other properties are basically unchanged. The properties of artificial pore-making materials were analyzed and the expected properties of actual pore-making materials were analyzed and summarized. Hollow glass beads (density 0.42g / cm ~ 3) were used in this paper. The compressive strength is 55.2 MPA) as a lightweight filler. The hollow glass beads with volume fraction of 65% -70% epoxy resin based composite foams were prepared by vacuum assisted molding under 6MPa pressure. When the volume fraction of hollow glass beads is between 67% and 69%, the composite foam material can effectively reduce the density under the condition of smaller sacrificial material other properties, and its water absorption is basically less than 1%. When the volume fraction of hollow glass beads is 70, the properties of composite foam materials decrease sharply. Due to the decrease of the volume fraction of epoxy resin, the microstructure of composite foams and the mechanical state of hollow glass beads were changed due to the relative absence of epoxy resin. Therefore, the properties of the composite foam materials filled with high volume fraction hollow glass beads filled with epoxy resin are changed. We further take the composite foam materials with hollow glass beads volume fraction of 68% as the object of study. . The density of composite foams was reduced by artificial pore making, and the influence of the radius r and the ratio of the hole radius to the pressure surface d on the density, water absorption and hydrostatic pressure resistance of composite foams were explored. The expected performance of the actual material is analyzed and summarized: artificial pore making can reduce the density of the material to some extent, when r / d is 2 / 3 / 1 / 2 and 1/3 respectively. The density of artificial porous composite foam was decreased. When r / d was 1/4 and 1/5 respectively, the density of artificial porous composite foam increased instead of decreasing. The artificial porous composite foams were compressed under the hydrostatic pressure of 45 ~ 80MPa ~ (-1) for 24 h. When r / d is 2/3 and 1/2 respectively, the artificial porous composite foams can withstand 60MPa hydrostatic pressure. The artificial porous composite foam with r / d = 1/3 can withstand 75 MPA hydrostatic pressure and has good performance. Based on the analysis of the material performance of artificial single hole, we construct a design diagram of artificial hole making with simple cubic lattice arrangement, and explore the performance of the design scheme theoretically. Compared with the composite foams filled directly with hollow glass beads, the artificial porous composite foams can withstand higher hydrostatic pressure at the same density.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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