静电纺丝法制备ZnO纳米材料及其气敏性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 14:03

本文关键词：静电纺丝法制备ZnO纳米材料及其气敏性能研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：静电纺丝技术是当前最快捷高效的生产纳米纤维的新型加工技术,通过静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维在气敏领域有巨大的应用前景。同时,中空结构的氧化物纳米材料更兼备了一维材料结构稳定,不易团聚的优点,有利于提高半导体氧化物的气敏性能,在气敏材料应用领域有很好的发展前景。ZnO纳米材料因其优良的物理化学性质,自被发现其良好的气敏性能以来越来越受到国内外学者的关注。因此本文以静电纺丝法制备的PAN纤维为模板,结合水热法,制备ZnO及其改性材料SnO_2/ZnO和NiO/ZnO。利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、能量散谱(EDX)分析气敏材料的物理结构和气敏性能。结果表明:(1)SnO_2/ZnO体系(1)PAN纳米纤维表面光滑,直径均一,ZnO及SnO_2/ZnO为中空管状。制备的SnO_2/ZnO无其它杂质,结晶度较高。(2)通过对比ZnO和SnO_2/ZnO气敏性能,可知,随着SnO_2掺杂比例的增加,SnO_2/ZnO对甲醇的灵敏度逐渐增加,当SnO_2掺杂比例为1 mol/mol时,制备的SnO_2/ZnO复合气敏材料对甲醇的灵敏度最高,同时表现出较高的选择性。(3)气敏测试结果表明,随着测试温度的增加,所有样品对目标气体的灵敏度均表现出先增强后减弱的趋势,温度达到340℃时,所有样品表现出最高的灵敏度。(2)NiO/ZnO体系(1)PAN纳米纤维表面光滑,直径均一,ZnO及NiO/ZnO为中空管状。制备的NiO/ZnO无其它杂质,结晶度较高。(2)通过对比ZnO和NiO/ZnO气敏性能,可知,随着NiO掺杂比例的增加,NiO/ZnO对乙醇和丙酮的灵敏度先增强后减弱,当NiO掺杂比例为0.125 mol/mol时,制备的NiO/ZnO复合气敏材料对乙醇的灵敏度最高,当NiO掺杂比例为0.1875mol/mol时,制备的NiO/ZnO复合气敏材料对丙酮的灵敏度最高,同时均表现出较高的选择性。(3)气敏测试结果表明,随着测试温度的增加,所有样品对目标气体(乙醇和丙酮)的灵敏度均表现出先增强后减弱的趋势,温度达到300℃时,所有样品表现出最高的灵敏度。
[Abstract]:Electrospinning is a new processing technology is the most efficient production of nanofibers, nanofiber prepared by electrospinning technique has great application prospect in gas sensing field. At the same time, oxide nano materials with hollow structure and more stable structure has the advantages of one-dimensional materials, is not easy to agglomerate, is conducive to the improvement of gas sensing properties semiconductor oxide, good prospects for the development of.ZnO nano materials because of their excellent physical and chemical properties in the field of application of gas sensitive materials, since the discovery of its good gas sensing properties has attracted more and more attention of scholars at home and abroad. Therefore, electrospinning of PAN fiber as a template, combined with hydrothermal method. Preparation of ZnO and its modified materials of SnO_2/ZnO and NiO/ZnO. by X- ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of gas The physical structure and gas sensing properties of sensitive materials. The results showed that: (1) SnO_2/ZnO (1) PAN nano fiber has smooth surface, uniform diameter, ZnO and SnO_2/ZnO for the preparation of SnO_2/ZnO hollow tubular. No other impurities, high degree of crystallinity. (2) compared with the ZnO and SnO_2/ZnO gas sensing, known as increase the doping ratio of SnO_2, the sensitivity of SnO_2/ZnO to methanol increased gradually. When the doping ratio of SnO_2 is 1 mol/mol, the sensitivity of SnO_2/ZnO composite gas sensitive material preparation of methanol on the top, also showed high selectivity. (3) gas sensing test results show that with the increase of test temperature, the sensitivity of all samples the target gas showed first increased and then decreased trend, the temperature reached 340 degrees, all samples showed the highest sensitivity. (2) NiO/ZnO system (1) PAN nano fiber has smooth surface, a diameter of ZnO, and NiO/ZnO for the preparation of hollow tube. NiO/ZnO no other impurities, high degree of crystallinity. (2) compared with the ZnO and NiO/ZnO gas sensitive performance shows that with the increase of NiO doping ratio, the sensitivity of NiO/ZnO for ethanol and acetone first increased and then decreased. When the doping ratio of NiO is 0.125 mol/mol, the sensitivity of NiO/ZnO composite gas sensing materials prepared for ethanol the highest, when the NiO doping ratio is 0.1875mol/mol, the sensitivity of NiO/ZnO composite gas sensing materials prepared by acetone is the highest, and showed higher selectivity. (3) gas sensing test results show that with the increase of test temperature, all samples of the target gas (ethanol and acetone) showed first increased sensitivity after decreased, the temperature reached 300 degrees, all samples showed the highest sensitivity.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ340.64;TB383.1

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