高得率纤维素纳米纤维及其高分子复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 19:24

  本文关键词：高得率纤维素纳米纤维及其高分子复合材料的制备与性能研究　出处：《南京林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： ZnCl_2溶液 纤维素纳米纤维 高得率 复合材料 面膜基材

【摘要】：纳米纤维素纤维具有极大的比表面积,使其具有表面能高、活性强的特点,使其在未来的多种领域有广阔的应用前景。以漂白针叶浆为原料,采用Zn Cl2水溶液预处理,并结合机械处理制备纳米纤维(NFs),并对其进行表征和分析。采用NFs悬浮液与环氧树脂、丁苯胶乳溶液共混的方法制备NFs-环氧树脂复合材料及NFs-丁苯胶乳复合材料,分析NFs对高分子材料的性能影响。制备纳米纤维素膜作为面膜基材,并对其进行表征及分析。1、以漂白针叶浆为原料,Zn Cl2水溶液为化学预处理溶剂,伴随机械处理,制备NFs。采用单因素法,对工艺参数:化学预处理时间、纤维浓度、机械处理时间进行探索实验。通过实验,最终确定了最佳工艺条件:纤维浓度1.5%、Zn Cl2溶解预处理时间为2.5 h、机械处理时间为25 min,得率达到75%。2、对以漂白针叶浆为原料,以Zn Cl2水溶液化学预处理并伴随机械处理制备的NFs,分别以X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变化红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)分析、热重分析(TG)技术进行表征,发现Zn Cl2溶液预处理方法制备纳米纤维的过程中,纤维晶型由纤维素Ⅰ型转化为纤维素Ⅱ型,同时官能团结构未发生明显变化,纳米纤维的平均直径约为10 nm。对比原纤维,NFs热稳定性略有提高。3、将NFs的乙醇分散液与环氧树脂-聚酰胺树脂的乙醇溶液共混,将溶剂蒸发制得NFs-环氧树脂复合材料。分析NFs添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并分别以扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变化红外光谱(FT-IR)技术对其进行表征,发现NFs均匀分布在环氧树脂中,NFs含量增加,NFs-环氧树脂复合材料伸长率持续增加,当NFs含量7.5%时抗拉强度增加,当NFs含量7.5%时,抗拉强度下降。4、将NFs水溶液与丁苯胶乳溶液共混,将水分蒸发制得NFs-丁苯胶乳复合材料。分析NFs添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并分别以扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变化红外光谱(FT-IR)技术对其进行表征,发现NFs均匀分布在丁苯胶乳中,NFs能够小幅度增加丁苯胶乳材料的拉伸强度,大幅度提高丁苯胶乳的裂断伸长率。当NFs含量达到15%时,复合材料的裂断伸长率达到162%。5、采用制备的NFs制得纳米纤维素膜作为面膜基材。以扫描电镜(SEM)对不同面膜基材进行表征,并分析其最大吸水性能、保水性能。面膜厚度适中,呈凝胶状,孔隙分布均匀,饱和吸水率为1400%,即吸水量为绝干的14倍,暴露于空气中60min,保水率为75%。对精华液的吸附能力强,对粘度为6 MPa?s的淀粉溶液吸附能力为含液量85%。
[Abstract]:Nanocellulose fiber has a great specific surface area, which makes it have high surface energy and strong activity. It has a broad application prospect in many fields in the future. Bleached needle pulp is used as raw material. Nano-fiber Cl2 was prepared by pretreatment with Zn Cl2 aqueous solution and combined with mechanical treatment. It was characterized and analyzed. NFs suspension and epoxy resin were used. NFs- epoxy resin composites and NFs- butadiene latex composites were prepared by blending benzene butadiene latex solution. The effects of NFs on the properties of polymer materials were analyzed. Nano-cellulose film was prepared as the surface film substrate, and characterized and analyzed. 1. Bleached needle pulp was used as raw material. Zn Cl2 aqueous solution was used as the solvent for chemical pretreatment, followed by mechanical treatment. The single factor method was used to prepare NFS. The process parameters were as follows: chemical pretreatment time, fiber concentration. Through the experiment, the optimum technological conditions were determined: the pretreatment time of the solution of Zn Cl2 was 2.5 h, the concentration of fiber was 1.5% and the pretreatment time of Zn Cl2 was 2.5 h. The mechanical treatment time is 25 min and the yield is 75. 2. The NFs prepared by chemical pretreatment with Zn Cl2 aqueous solution and accompanied by mechanical treatment is used as raw material of bleached conifer pulp. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was found that during the preparation of nanofibers by Zn Cl2 solution pretreatment, the crystalline form of the fibers changed from cellulose type I to cellulose type 鈪，

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