低频吸声高阻尼橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:03

本文关键词：低频吸声高阻尼橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究　出处：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：低频吸声高阻尼材料已经成为国内外相关领域的热点研究问题,基于橡胶独特的粘弹特性,选择以橡胶作为基体材料来研究其复合材料减振降噪的特性。阻尼机理是粘弹性材料在发生变形时将动能转化为热能的原理。作为优良的阻尼材料,要求其能在宽广的温度和频率范围内具有较大的损耗因子、有效阻尼温域和有效阻尼频域以满足实际的应用。一般来说,填料填充橡胶能使其玻璃化温度上升和有效阻尼温域增大,甚至部分功能性填料还可以提高内耗。稀土具有独特的光电磁特性,将其与高分子材料复合能够赋予材料优异的性能,但在阻尼性能上的应用还鲜有报道,因此,为了拓展稀土的应用范围,对稀土进行阻尼性能上的改性显得格外重要。本文通过机械共混的方法对阻尼橡胶进行了制备和研究,选用不同种类的填料对SBR、EPDM和IIR进行改性来研究填料对橡胶力学性能、硫化特性、阻尼性能和热稳定性的影响,并观察了复合体系的微观形貌结构。结果表明:在研究的填料用量范围内,除了碳酸盐类填料外,含硅类填料和稀土类填料能对进行补强,其中白炭黑的补强效果最佳,白炭黑改性IIR、EPDM和SBR最大值分别为18.2 MPa、24.2 MPa和8.93 MPa。橡胶复合体系的邵氏硬度均随填料用量的增加而增大,与填料的种类无关,当填料用量为50 phr时,IIR、EPDM和SBR的最大邵氏硬度为38±4 SHA、68±11 SHA、62±8 SHA。含硅类填料能提高IIR、EPDM和SBR交联密度,而碳酸盐类和稀土类填料却使其交联密度降低,且三类填料均能提高橡胶的ML值。另外,含硅类填料可使三类橡胶的焦烧时间缩短以及正硫化时间延长;稀土类填料对EPDM和SBR焦烧时间的影响较小,正硫化时间延长,而其使IIR焦烧时间和正硫化时间均延长;碳酸盐类填料使SBR焦烧时间和正硫化时间延长、EPDM焦烧时间延长和正硫化时间缩短以及IIR焦烧时间缩短和正硫化时间延长。无机填料有利于提高橡胶的热稳定性能,但对其失重速率的影响不大。在低温条件下,稀土类填料能提高三类橡胶的储能模量,玻璃化温度移向高温方向,损耗因子无较大变化。在低频条件下,片层填料较多孔、无定形填料有较大的内耗,阻尼性能较好(IIR、EPDM和SBR的tan?max约1.6、0.7和0.4)。另外,在相同条件下,IIR由于结构上的特殊性,内耗较EPDM、SBR大,适宜应用为高阻尼材料。在低频条件下,Y2O3能够提高橡胶材料的吸声性能,随着声波频率的增加,吸声性能提高,在200 Hz条件下,IIR的吸声性能最佳,吸声系数可达约45%。含硅类填料与三类橡胶均产生了良好的界面效应,相容性较好;碳酸盐类填料在三类橡胶中呈现出较为清晰的相分离结构;稀土类填料与IIR相容性较好,但与EPDM和SBR之间出现了两相结构。
[Abstract]:Low frequency sound absorption and high damping materials have become a hot research issue in related fields at home and abroad, based on the unique viscoelastic properties of rubber. Rubber is chosen as matrix material to study the characteristics of damping and noise reduction of composite materials. The damping mechanism is the principle that viscoelastic materials transform kinetic energy into heat energy when deformation occurs. It is required to have a large loss factor, effective damping temperature domain and effective damping frequency domain in a wide range of temperature and frequency to meet the practical application. Fillers filled with rubber can increase the glass transition temperature and the effective damping temperature range, and even some functional fillers can increase internal friction. Rare earth has unique photoelectric and magnetic properties. Composite with polymer materials can give excellent properties of the materials, but the application of damping properties is rarely reported. Therefore, in order to expand the scope of application of rare earths. It is very important to modify the damping properties of rare earths. In this paper, damping rubber was prepared and studied by mechanical blending, and different kinds of fillers were selected for SBR. EPDM and IIR were modified to study the effects of fillers on mechanical properties, vulcanization properties, damping properties and thermal stability of rubber. The microstructure of the composite system was observed. The results showed that, in addition to carbonate fillers, silicon and rare earth fillers could reinforce the composites. The reinforcing effect of silica is the best. The maximum values of SBR and EPDM modified by silica are 18.2 MPa, respectively. The Shore hardness of MPa and 8.93 MPa. rubber composite system increased with the increase of filler content, but not related to the type of filler. When the content of filler was 50 phr, Shao hardness increased. The maximum Shore hardness of EPDM and SBR is 38 卤4 SHAA 68 卤11 SHAA 62 卤8 SHA. Si-containing fillers can increase the crosslinking density of SBR and EPDM. However, carbonate and rare earth fillers can decrease the crosslinking density and increase the ML value of rubber. In addition, silicon-containing fillers can shorten the scorch time and prolong the positive vulcanization time of the three kinds of rubber. The effect of rare earth fillers on the scorch time of EPDM and SBR was small, and the positive vulcanization time was prolonged, while the IIR scorch time and the positive vulcanization time were prolonged. Carbonate fillers prolong the scorch time and the positive vulcanization time of SBR. The EPDM scorch time and the normal vulcanization time were shortened, and the IIR scorch time and the positive vulcanization time were prolonged. The inorganic filler was beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the rubber. At low temperature, rare earth fillers can improve the storage modulus of three kinds of rubber, the glass transition temperature moves to the high temperature direction, and the loss factor does not change greatly at low frequency. The lamellar packing is porous, the amorphous filler has larger internal friction, and the damping property is better. In addition, under the same conditions, the internal friction of max is larger than that of max because of its special structure. It is suitable to be used as a high damping material. Y2O3 can improve the sound absorption property of rubber material at low frequency. With the increase of acoustic frequency, the sound absorption property is improved, and the sound absorption property is improved at 200 Hz. The sound absorption coefficient of IIR is about 455.The silica filler has good interfacial effect with three kinds of rubber, and the compatibility is good. Carbonate fillers show a clear phase separation structure in three types of rubber. Rare earth fillers have good compatibility with IIR, but have two phase structure with EPDM and SBR.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ330.1;TB34

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