基于不同三维机织结构的碳纤复合材料整体力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 13:10

本文关键词：基于不同三维机织结构的碳纤复合材料整体力学性能研究　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着先进树脂基复合材料在航空领域用量的不断增加,碳纤复合材料,作为先进树脂基复合材料的一种,已经成为最受关注的材料研究方向之一。传统层合板复合材料具有优良的面内力学性能,但Z向性能相对薄弱,易分层,低能量冲击损伤大,而且人工铺层成本高、效率低。因此,对一些外形复杂的复合材料结构设计,其增强体结构的选取正逐步转向于三维纺织结构。对于三维纺织结构复合材料的研究多集中于三维预制件成型设计和面内经纬向力学性能对比,而缺乏三维纺织结构复合材料整体力学性能分析,与三维增强体预制件结构之间的关联研究较少。本课题以不同三维机织结构为基础,设计织造碳纤维三维机织结构增强体预制件,制备复合材料板,对比三种典型三维机织结构(浅交弯联、浅交直联和三向正交)的复材板结构性能差异,综合分析其整体力学性能,为复合材料增强体结构性能设计和实际应用提供参考依据。首先,利用T800碳纤维在剑杆织机上织造浅交弯联、浅交直联,及三向正交机织结构的预制件;通过USB电子显微镜表征织物试样表面形态。结果表明:三种结构预制件表面都有部分纱线损伤,其中,浅交弯联结构预制件表面断纤毛丝最多,浅交直联结构预制件表面断纤毛丝最少;随后,采用液体真空辅助成型(VARI)工艺,通过合理设计导流网形状尺寸,制备三种不同三维机织结构的碳纤复合材料。依据ASTM测试标准,对不同结构的复合材料测试板件进行力学测试样条尺寸设计及切割,从XYZ三个方向进行拉伸、弯曲、压缩,以及短梁剪切四种不同类型的力学性能测试,对比分析三种结构碳纤复合材料的各方向力学性能差异。根据对比可知:三向正交结构由于内部纱线伸直度最好,增强体预制件对复合材料制品的性能贡献最大,经向力学性能最好;浅交直联结构由于经纱屈曲度小,而且经纬联锁交织状态清晰,各方面力学性能较为均衡,而且织物可织性最好,为三维机织复合材料增强体结构选取的最佳选择;浅交弯联结构由于频繁的交织联锁,织物可织性最差,抗分层效果最好,但其他方面力学性能差,整体结构性能最差。最后,引入指定零部件,根据零件XYZ三方向极限载荷需求,设定XYZ三方向力学性能加权系数,整合计算了三种结构复合材料的综合压缩性能,从而设计了一种力学性能综合评价的方法,可为不同复合材料零部件所采用机织结构的选取提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the increasing amount of advanced resin matrix composite materials in aerospace, carbon fiber composite material, as a kind of advanced composite materials, has become one of the most popular research direction. The traditional laminated composite materials have excellent in-plane mechanical properties, but Z performance is relatively weak, easy to layer, low energy the impact damage, and artificial layer of high cost and low efficiency. Therefore, the composite structure with complex shape design, its structure is gradually enhanced from turning to 3D textile structure. For the study of 3-D textile structural composites are more concentrated in the 3D preform molding design and in-plane mechanical properties compared to the latitude the lack of overall analysis, the mechanical properties of 3-D textile structural composites, and three-dimensional contrast-enhanced studies of the association between prefabricated parts structure less. In this paper the structure of the organization of different 3D machine Based on the design of weaving structure of 3D woven carbon fiber preform, preparation of composite panels, three kinds of typical 3D woven structure contrast (Curved Shallow crossing linking, shallow AC DC and three orthogonal) complex structure difference properties of plates, the overall mechanical performance analysis, to provide reference for the design of structure and performance the practical application of reinforced composite material. Firstly, the rapier loom weaving Curved Shallow crossing linking with T800 carbon fiber, straight shallow crossing linking, and three to preform orthogonal woven structure; by USB electron microscopy characterization of fabric surface morphology. The results showed that: there are three kinds of yarn part damage, structure of prefabricated the surface of the curved shallow crossing linking structure of preform surface broken fiber filament most straight shallow crossing linking structure of preform surface broken fiber filament at least; then, the liquid vacuum assisted molding (VARI) process, through the reasonable design of diversion net shape and size, preparation Three kinds of carbon fiber composite materials with different 3D woven structures. According to the ASTM standard test, mechanical test and cutting spline size design of different structures of the composite test plate, stretching from three directions, XYZ bending, compression, and short beam shear of four different types of mechanical testing, comparison and analysis of the direction the mechanical properties of the structure difference of three kinds of carbon fiber composite material. According to the comparison: three orthogonal structure due to internal yarn straightness best contribution to the enhanced performance of composite products prefabricated parts, the best mechanical properties; straight shallow crossing linking structure due to warp flexion, and warp interlock intertwined the clear. The mechanical properties are more balanced and weavability best for 3D woven composites reinforced the best choice structure selection; Curved Shallow crossing linking structure due to frequent interleaving interlock, Weavability is the worst, the delamination effect is best, but other aspects of mechanical performance is poor, the worst performance of the whole structure. Finally, the introduction of the specified parts, parts according to the XYZ three direction limit load demand, set XYZ three mechanical properties of weighted coefficient, calculate the comprehensive integration compression performance of three kinds of structure of composite materials. In order to design a method of comprehensive evaluation of mechanical properties, can be used to select different parts of composite woven structure to provide reference.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332;TS106

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