镍基纳米材料的制备及电化学析氢性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 02:10

本文关键词：镍基纳米材料的制备及电化学析氢性能研究　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会的发展,化石燃料严重被消耗,在未来的一个世纪里面世界将面临化石燃料大量消耗所带来的能源危机。所以开发新能源是我们亟待解决的问题。其中氢能具有原料储量丰富,无污染以及高热值等优点,有望成为替代化石燃料而解决能源危机。但是通过裂解水制备氢气所面临的问题是效率低,能耗大。光解水虽然具有能量来源广泛,目前存在效率低下的问题,限制了其大规模的发展。其中电解水的电能可以来源于水能,风能等可再生能源,是解决今后能源危机的一个途径。众所周知的是,在电解水析氢反应中,Pt系金属是最好的催化剂,但是其稀有性限制了其大规模应用的可能性。因此开发高效稳定且低花费的析氢催化剂将是当今研究的热点,也是难点。本论文围绕制备高效而稳定的非贵金属析氢催化剂做了以下三个方面的研究:1.在氮气保护的条件下,通过在水相中低温,采用水合肼还原制备了Ni纳米粒子。并且将所制备的纳米材料作为电化学析氢电极材料。表现出了高效的电催化析氢以及很好的稳定性。该方法的优点是低温,水相反应。为大规模的生产提供了可能。2.以泡沫镍为基底,通过水热法在泡沫镍上生长了碱式碳酸钴盐的纳米线。然后在管式炉中以次亚磷酸钠为磷源,采用低温磷化的方法制备了NiCoP纳米线。并且发现掺入了Ni元素的Co2P纳米线纳米尺寸上表现直径更小,长度更短。而且所表现出来的电化学析氢性能也更好。只需要施加118 m V的过电位就可以获得-10 mA/cm2的电流密度。而且在稳定的电压下持续运行48 h,电流密度几乎没有损失。3.有研究表明直径更大,长度更长的微米线更有利于电解水催化析氢,故我们采用酸碱稳定的碳纤维纸为基底,通过水热反应制备直径更大,长度更长的碱式碳酸盐微米线,然后利用电沉积的方法在微米线上生长氢氧化镍纳米片,将所制备的复合结构在管式炉中采用低温磷化的方法制备为NiCo2P2微米线上生长有NiP纳米片的三维结构。将其应用于酸性介质中电解水析氢,表现出了高效的性能,仅仅为48 mV/dec的Tafel斜率。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society, fossil fuels are seriously consumed. In the next century, the world will face the energy crisis caused by the massive consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, the development of new energy sources is an urgent problem for us to solve. Among them, hydrogen energy is rich in raw materials. The advantages of non-pollution and high calorific value are expected to be a substitute for fossil fuels to solve the energy crisis. However, the problem of hydrogen production by pyrolysis water is low efficiency and high energy consumption. Although photolysis water has a wide range of energy sources. At present, the problem of inefficiency limits its large-scale development. The electric energy of electrolytic water can come from renewable energy such as water energy, wind energy and so on, which is a way to solve the energy crisis in the future. In the hydrogen evolution reaction of electrolytic water, Pt is the best catalyst. However, its rarity limits the possibility of large-scale application. Therefore, the development of high efficiency, stability and low cost hydrogen evolution catalyst will be a hot topic. This paper focuses on the preparation of highly efficient and stable non-noble metal hydrogen evolution catalyst in the following three aspects: 1. Under the condition of nitrogen protection, the hydrogen evolution in water phase at low temperature. Ni nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of hydrazine hydrate, and the prepared nanomaterials were used as electrode materials for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. The advantages of this method are high efficiency of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and good stability. The advantages of this method are low temperature. . Water phase reaction. Provides the possibility for large-scale production. Using nickel foam as the substrate, the basic cobalt carbonate nanowires were grown on the foamed nickel by hydrothermal method. Then sodium hypophosphite was used as the phosphorus source in the tube furnace. NiCoP nanowires were prepared by low temperature phosphating, and it was found that the Co2P nanowires doped with Ni were smaller in size. The length is shorter and the electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance is better. -10 can be obtained only by applying 118mV overpotential. The current density of mA/cm2. There is almost no loss of current density .3. some studies show that micrometer wire with larger diameter and longer length is more favorable to catalyze hydrogen evolution in electrolytic water, so we use acid-base stabilized carbon fiber paper as the substrate. The alkaline-type carbonate micron wires with larger diameters and longer lengths were prepared by hydrothermal reaction, and then nickel hydroxide nanocrystals were grown on micron wires by electrodeposition. The prepared composite structure was prepared by low temperature phosphating method in tubular furnace to form a three-dimensional structure of NiP nanowires grown on NiCo2P2 micron lines. The composite structure was applied to electrolytic hydrogen evolution in acidic media. Shows high performance, only 48 mV/dec Tafel slope.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TQ116.2

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